China tsopano ikupanga 80% ya zotulutsa padziko lonse lapansi za neodymium-praseodymium, kuphatikiza zitsulo zapadziko lapansi zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri popanga maginito amphamvu okhazikika.
Maginitowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi (EVs), kotero kuti kusintha kwa EV komwe kukuyembekezeka kudzafuna kukulitsa zinthu kuchokera kwa ochita migodi osowa.
EV drivetrain iliyonse imafuna mpaka 2kg ya neodymium-praseodymium oxide - koma makina oyendetsa molunjika a megawati atatu amagwiritsa ntchito 600kg. Neodymium-praseodymium ilinso mugawo lanu lowongolera mpweya paofesi kapena khoma lanyumba.
Koma, malinga ndi zoneneratu zina, dziko la China mzaka zingapo zikubwerazi liyenera kukhala wogulitsa kunja kwa neodymium-praseodymium - ndipo, momwe zilili, Australia ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi mwayi wokwaniritsa kusiyana kumeneku.
Chifukwa cha Lynas Corporation (ASX: LYC), dzikolo ndi lachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi kupanga zosowa zapadziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale zimangotulutsa pang'ono chabe zomwe China idatulutsa. Koma pali zambiri zimene zikubwera.
Makampani anayi aku Australia ali ndi mapulojekiti apamwamba kwambiri akumbuyo kwa nthaka, komwe amangoyang'ana kwambiri neodymium-praseodymium monga chinsinsi chotulutsa. Atatu mwa iwo ali mkati mwa Australia ndipo wachinayi ku Tanzania.
Kuphatikiza apo, tili ndi Northern Minerals (ASX: NTU) yokhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi (HREE), dysprosium ndi terbium, zomwe zimayang'anira malo ake osowa padziko lapansi ku projekiti ya Browns Range ku Western Australia.
Mwa osewera ena, US ili ndi mgodi wa Mountain Pass, koma imadalira China pakukonza zotuluka zake.
Palinso mapulojekiti ena aku North America, koma palibe omwe anganene kuti ndi okonzeka kumanga.
India, Vietnam, Brazil ndi Russia zimatulutsa zocheperako; pali mgodi wogwirira ntchito ku Burundi, koma palibe imodzi mwa izi yomwe ili ndi kuthekera kopanga makampani adziko lonse omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu pakanthawi kochepa.
Northern Minerals idayenera kuwononga malo ake oyendetsa ndege a Browns Range ku WA kwakanthawi chifukwa cha zoletsa zapaulendo zomwe boma lidakhazikitsa chifukwa cha kachilombo ka COVID-19, koma kampaniyo yakhala ikupanga chinthu chomwe chingagulitsidwe.
Alkane Resources (ASX: ALK) ikuyang'ana kwambiri golide masiku ano ndipo ikukonzekera kuwononga pulojekiti yake yaukadaulo yaukadaulo ya Dubbo chipwirikiti chamsika wamakono chikatha. Ntchitoyi idzagulitsa padera ngati Australian Strategic Metals.
Dubbo yakonzeka kumanga: ili ndi zivomerezo zake zonse zazikuluzikulu za boma ndi boma ndipo Alkane akugwira ntchito ndi Zirconium Technology Corp (Ziron) yaku South Korea kuti amange fakitale yoyendetsa zitsulo zoyera ku Daejeon, mzinda wachisanu waukulu ku South Korea.
Malo a Dubbo ndi 43% zirconium, 10% hafnium, 30% yapadziko lapansi osowa ndi 17% niobium. Chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani padziko lonse lapansi ndi neodymium-praseodymium.
Hastings Technology Metals (ASX: HAS) ili ndi pulojekiti yake ya Yangibana, yomwe ili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Carnarvon ku WA. Ili ndi chilolezo cha commonwealth chilengedwe cha mgodi wotseguka komanso malo opangira zinthu.
Hastings ikukonzekera kuti ikhale yopanga pofika 2022 ndi kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa 3,400t ya neodymium-praseodymium. Izi, kuphatikiza dysprosium ndi terbium, cholinga chake ndi kupanga 92% ya ndalama za polojekitiyi.
Hastings akhala akukambirana za zaka 10 zakuthengo ndi Schaeffler waku Germany, wopanga zinthu zachitsulo, koma zokambiranazi zachedwetsedwa ndi kachilombo ka COVID-19 pamakampani amagalimoto aku Germany. Pakhalanso zokambilana ndi ThyssenKrupp ndi mnzake waku China wopitako.
Arafura Resources (ASX: ARU) inayamba moyo pa ASX mu 2003 ngati sewero lachitsulo koma posakhalitsa inasintha njira itangopeza ntchito ya Nolans ku Northern Territory.
Tsopano, ikuyembekeza kuti Nolans akhale ndi moyo wazaka 33 wa mgodi ndi kupanga 4,335t ya neodymium-praseodymium pachaka.
Kampaniyo inanena kuti ndi ntchito yokhayo ku Australia yokhala ndi chilolezo chokumba migodi, kuchotsa ndi kulekanitsa nthaka yosowa, kuphatikizapo kusamalira zinyalala za radioactive.
Kampaniyo ikuyang'ana dziko la Japan chifukwa chogulitsa zinthu za neodymium-praseodymium offtake ndipo ili ndi mwayi wosankha malo okwana mahekitala 19 ku Teesside ku England kuti amange malo oyeretsera.
Malo a Teesside amaloledwa kwathunthu ndipo tsopano kampaniyo ikungodikirira kuti chiphaso chake cha migodi chiperekedwe ndi boma la Tanzania, chofunikira chomaliza cha polojekiti ya Ngualla.
Ngakhale kuti Arafura yasaina zikumbutso za mgwirizano ndi maphwando awiri aku China omwe achoka, zomwe zafotokozedwa posachedwa zatsindika kuti "kukondana kwamakasitomala" kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a neodymium-praseodymium omwe sakugwirizana ndi njira ya 'Made in China 2025', yomwe ndi ndondomeko ya Beijing yomwe idzawone dziko 70% yodzidalira pazinthu zamakono zaka zisanu kuyambira pano - ndi sitepe yaikulu yotsogolera padziko lonse lapansi kupanga zamakono.
Arafura ndi makampani ena akudziwa bwino kuti China ili ndi mphamvu pazambiri zapadziko lonse lapansi - ndipo Australia pamodzi ndi US ndi mabungwe ena ogwirizana amazindikira chiwopsezo chobwera chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa China kuletsa ma projekiti omwe si a China kuchoka pansi.
Beijing imathandizira ntchito zapadziko lapansi zomwe sizichitika kawirikawiri kuti opanga athe kuwongolera mitengo - ndipo makampani aku China akhoza kukhalabe mubizinesi pomwe makampani omwe si aku China sangathe kugwira ntchito m'malo otayika.
Malonda a Neodymium-praseodymium amatsogozedwa ndi gulu la China Northern Rare Earth Group lolembedwa ku Shanghai, limodzi mwa mabizinesi asanu ndi limodzi olamulidwa ndi boma omwe amayendetsa migodi ku China.
Ngakhale makampani omwe amadziwiratu zomwe angachite kuti aphwanye ndikupanga phindu, opereka ndalama amakhala osamala kwambiri.
Mitengo ya Neodymium-praseodymium pakali pano ili pansi pa US $ 40/kg (A$61/kg), koma ziwerengero zamakampani zikuyerekeza kuti pangafunike china chake pafupi ndi US $ 60/kg (A$92/kg) kuti atulutse jekeseni wamkulu wofunikira popanga ma projekiti.
M'malo mwake, ngakhale mkati mwa mantha a COVID-19, China idakwanitsa kukonzanso zopanga zake zapadziko lapansi, pomwe Marichi amatumiza kunja kwa 19.2% pachaka pa 5,541t - chiwerengero chokwera kwambiri pamwezi kuyambira 2014.
Lynas nayenso anali ndi chiwongola dzanja cholimba mu Marichi. Pachigawo choyamba, ma oxides ake osowa padziko lapansi adakwana 4,465t.
China idatseka bizinesi yake yosowa padziko lonse mu Januware yonse komanso gawo lina la February chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa kachilomboka.
"Otenga nawo gawo pamsika akudikirira moleza mtima chifukwa palibe amene akudziwa bwino lomwe tsogolo lamtsogolo pano," Peak adalangiza omwe ali ndi masheya kumapeto kwa Epulo.
"Kuphatikiza apo, zikumveka kuti pamitengo yapano msika waku China wapadziko lonse lapansi ukungopeza phindu lililonse," idatero.
Mitengo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yapadziko lapansi imasiyanasiyana, kuyimira zosowa zamsika. Pakalipano, dziko lapansi limaperekedwa mochuluka ndi lanthanum ndi cerium; ndi ena, osati kwambiri.
Pansipa pali chithunzithunzi chamitengo ya Januware - manambala amunthu aliyense asuntha pang'ono, koma manambalawo akuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu pakuwerengera. Mitengo yonse ndi US$ pa kg.
Lanthanum oxide – 1.69 Cerium oxide – 1.65 Samarium oxide – 1.79 Yttrium oxide – 2.87 Ytterbium oxide – 20.66 Erbium oxide – 22.60 Gadolinium oxide – 23.68 Neodymium oxide – 41.1. 44.48 Scandium oxide – 48.07 Praseodymium oxide – 48.43 Dysprosium oxide – 251.11 Terbium oxide – 506.53 Lutetium oxide – 571.10
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-04-2022