Mfundo zomwe zimachitika padziko lapansi za US. . . Yopangidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mafuko apadziko lapansi, michere ya dziko lapansi ya ku United States idzayambiranso kukhazikika kwa zolimbikitsa ndi kuleka kwa zolimbikitsa. Tikufuna thandizo lanu. kudalira ku United States ku China ". Mwadzidzidzi akutuluka kwa changu pa mitu yomwe sinkakambidwa kale mpaka pano ayenera kudabwitsidwa ndi anthu ambiri.Chritys ku akatswiri ambiri, koma ndi zamtengo wapatali, koma ndi zamtengo wapatali. Yankho lomwe likuwoneka kuti silili chinsinsi limakhala lotheka. Zinthu Zamtundu wapadziko lapansi (Ree) zimakhala ndi zinthu 17 zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makompyuta amagetsi ndi zida zodzitchinjiriza, ndipo adapezeka koyamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito United States. Komabe, kupanga pang'onopang'ono kumasuntha ku China, komwe kuli koyenera kutsika kwa chilengedwe, komanso zothandizira mowolowa manja kuchokera kudziko lina. Mu 1997, mwana wamkulu, kampani yotsogolera padziko lapansi ku United States, idagulitsidwa ku kampani yogulitsa ndalama zomwe zidapangitsa kuti arbibald Cox (Jr.), mwana wa wozenga mlandu wa dzina lomweli, lowezi. Companium adagwira ntchito ndi makampani awiri aku China. Makampani achitsulo, zida zatsopano za Sanhua ndi China zopanda zitsulo zoloweza kunja ndikugulitsa kupolisi. Tcheyamani wa Sanuhuan, mwana wamkazi wamwamuna wa mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Deng Xiapoping, adakhala tcheyamani wa kampaniyo. Makalirike adatsekedwa ku United States, kusamukira ku China, ndipo adatsegulidwanso mu 2003, yomwe ili pamzere wokhala ndi Dengu X63 "Super 863" Izi zidapangitsa kuti Molycorp apamwamba omaliza a United States mpaka atagwa mu 2015.am koyambirira kwa makonzedwe a Reagan, makamaka United States nthawi yayitali. Chaka cha 2010. Mu Seputembara chaka chimenecho, bwato lachinayi losodza ku Japan linagwera m'magombe awiri aku Japan m'madzi otsutsana ndi East China. Boma la Japan lidalengeza za cholinga choika bwato la usodzi pa mayesero, ndipo boma la China pambuyo pake lidachitapo kanthu, kuphatikizapo pogulitsa zogulitsa zapamwamba kwambiri ku Japan. Izi zitha kukhala ndi mphamvu zowononga pa mafakitale a Japan, zomwe zawopsezedwa chifukwa cha kukula kwa magalimoto opangidwa achi China opangidwa achi China. Mwa zina, zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la catalytic staly.unina likuwonekeratu kuti United States, European Union inalemba milandu yadziko lapansi sizingalepheretse kunja kwa zinthu zakunja. Komabe, mawilo a njira ya WTOMISMIS amatembenukira pang'onopang'ono: chigamulo sichinapangidwe mpaka patatha zaka zinayi. Utumiki wa zochitika zakunja umakana pambuyo pake adatsutsa pambuyo pake adalamulanso zodzitsutsa, akunena kuti China adafunikira zinthu zambiri padziko lapansi chifukwa cha mafakitale awo padziko lapansi. Izi zitha kukhala zolondola: Pofika 2005, China inali italetsedwa kunja, ndikupangitsa nkhawa pa kuperewera kwa zida zinayi (Lanthan, ndi), mitengoyo idakweradi. Kuwonongeka kwa Molycorp kumawonetsanso kasamalidwe ka boma la Chitchaina. Molycorp ananeneratu kuti mitengo yamtengo wapatali yapadziko lapansi ikanatha pambuyo pa zochitika zapakati pa nkhani zaku China ndi Guast Coast. Komabe, pamene boma litamasuka kutumiza mu 2015, Molycorp lidalemedwa ndi US $ 1.7 biliyoni mu ngongole ndi theka la malo ake oyenda. Patatha zaka ziwiri, zidatulukira ku zotsalazo zotsalazo ndikugulitsa $ 20,5 miliyoni, zomwe ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi $ 1.7 biliyoni. Kampaniyo idapulumutsidwa ndi Cor Corctium, ndipo China Lesun Seveher Company Company Company 0% ya kampani yopanda tanthauzo. Mwaukadaulo, zomwe sizimatanthauza kuti magawo omwe si ovota amatanthauza kuti satha kukhala gawo la phindu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa phindu lililonse kungakhale kochepa, motero anthu ena angafunse zolinga za kampaniyo. Komabe, atapatsidwa kukula kwa Leshan Seneer ku chiwerengero chomwe chikufunika kuti atenge 30% ya magawo, kampaniyo imatha kukhala pachiwopsezo. Komabe, kukopa kungayesedwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina kuposa kuvota. Malinga ndi chikalata chachi China chomwe chapangidwa ndi Wall Street Journal, Leshan Senghe adzakhala ndi ufulu wogulitsa padutsa mchere wamapiri. Mulimonsemo, Molycorp itumiza Ree ku China kuti isadalire. Komabe, kuthekera kwa chida cha China cha dziko lapansi chomwe chadziwika kale. Patangopita milungu yochepa, akatswiri aku Japan adapita ku Mongolia, Vietnam, Australia ndi maiko ena omwe ali ndi zina zofunika zapadziko lapansi zofunsa. Zotsatira za Novembala 2010, Japan yafika pagawo loyambira lalitali lomwe lili ndi gulu la Lynas. Japan idatsimikizidwa koyambirira kwa chaka chamawa, ndipo kuyambira pomwe kukula kwake, tsopano kwapeza 30% ya zolengedwa zake zapamwamba kuchokera ku Lyosi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, omwe ali ndi boma omwe alibe zitsulo omwe amayesa kugula mtundu wambiri ku Lynasi chaka chimodzi chapitacho. Popeza China chomwe chimakhala ndi migodi yambiri yapamwamba kwambiri, yomwe munthu angaganizire kuti China Makonzedwe agonja adziko lonse lapansi ndikupempha msika. Boma la ku Australia lidatsekedwa. Mu Meyi 2019, Secretary Wachi China XI Kulemba mwachidule komanso kophiphiritsa kupita padziko lapansi la Jiangxi komwe kunali kwanga, komwe kudatanthauzira ngati chiwonetsero cha boma lake pa Washington. Anthu tsiku ndi tsiku, nyuzipepala yovomerezeka ya komiti yapakatikati ya China, inalemba kuti: "Mwanjira imeneyi ndi yomwe tinganene kuti titha kunyalanyaza kusokonekera kwa China chitukuko ndi ufulu. Osanena kuti sitinakuchenjezeni. " Owonera akuti, "Osanena kuti sitinachenjeze. Mawu akuti "inu" nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi media ovomerezeka pamavuto kwambiri, monga kuchitika kwa China asanachitike Vietnam mu 1978 komanso mu msonkhano wamalire a 2017. Pofuna kuwonjezera nkhawa za United States, monga zida zapamwamba zimapangidwa, zinthu zambiri za padziko lapansi zimafunikira. Kuti atchule zitsanzo ziwiri zokha, aliyense womenyera mapaundi 95 amafunikira machenjezo amwambo ochulukawo. Komabe, njirayi imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuposa kutulutsa kosavuta. Ku Stutu, zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi zimasakanizidwa ndi michere yambiri yosiyanasiyana. Kenako, ore oyambilira amayenera kupita kukakonza zoyambirira kuti apange chikhazikitso, ndipo limazungulira pamalo ena omwe amalekanitsa padziko lapansi lapansi kukhala oyera. Munjira yotchedwa pulvent zosungunulira, "zosungunuka zosungunuka zimadutsa mazana azipinda zamadzimadzi zomwe zimalekanitsa zinthu kapena zinthu zomwe zimapanga, masitepe awa amatha kubwerezedwanso masauzande kapena masauzande. Akayeretsedwanso, amatha kukonzedwa mu zinthu zotsala, zitsulo, zotupa ndi maginito, amagwiritsa ntchito maginisi ena apadera a zinthu izi, "anatero Alectrocheramical. Nthawi zambiri, kupezeka kwa zinthu za railesi kumakanikiza njirayi. Komabe, kuyambira 2020, nyuzipepala ya Asar, yofotokoza maloto a tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo adafotokoza maloto a kudzilimbitsa ngati "kukhala matope." Ngakhale ku Japanvolological Japany ku Javaly, kupeza njira yodulira yamalonda ikadali vuto. Chida chotchedwa Piston Core Retokha amasonkhanitsa matope kuchokera ku stratim pansi pa nyanja pansi pa mita 6000. Chifukwa makina ogwirira ntchito amatenga mphindi zopitilira 200 kuti afike kunyanjayo, njirayo ndiyopweteka kwambiri. Kufikira ndi kuyika matope ndi chiyambi chabe cha njira yoyenga, ndipo mavuto ena amatsatira. Pali ngozi yomwe ikhoza kukhala pachilengedwe. Asayansi akuda nkhawa kuti "chifukwa cha zomwe zikuchitika m'madzi, msonyo amatha kugwa ndikutulutsa nthaka yopanda matope ndi matope munyanja." Zogulitsa ziyeneranso kuonanso: matani 3,500 amafunika kusungidwa tsiku lililonse kuti kampaniyo ikhale yopindulitsa. Pakadali pano, matani 350 okha ndi omwe amatha kusungidwa kwa maola 10 patsiku.Mawu ena, amatenga nthawi komanso okwera mtengo komanso okwera mtengo pokonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi, ngakhale kuchokera kunyanja kapena nyanja. China chikuwongolera pafupifupi malo onse ogwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo padziko lapansi zakusowa zochokera kumayiko ena / zigawo zimatumizidwa kumeneko kuti ziyeretse. Kupatula apo panali lynas, zomwe zidatumiza oreke ake ku Malaysia pokonza. Ngakhale kuti Lynas 'zothandizira padziko lapansi, sizofunikira, si yankho langwiro. Zomwe zili m'malo mwa anthu omwe ali m'magulu a kampani ndi otsika kuposa momwe ku China. Migodi yolemera yapamwamba yaikulu imafanizidwa ndi kugula ng'ombe yonse ngati ng'ombe imodzi ndi US $ 34,40.in, pomwe pachaka cholumikizira cha newdmium omwe sipanga chomera cha China. Komabe, polojekitiyi ikuyembekezeka kutenga zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu kuti mukhale ndi moyo, kupangitsa kuti anthu ogulitsa a US akhale osatetezeka ku Beijing. Boma la ku Australia likasulidwa kuyesa kwa China kuti apeze ma lynas, Beijing adapitilizabe kufunafuna mwayi wina wopeza zakunja. Ili kale ndi fakitale ku Vietnam ndipo yakhala ikutumiza zinthu zambiri kuchokera ku Myanmar. Mu 2018, anali matani adziko lapansi adziko lapansi, ndipo kuyambira pa Januware 1 mpaka 15 mpaka 15, 2019, panali matani 9,217 okhazikika padziko lapansi. Chiwonongeko cha chilengedwe ndi kusamvana zinapangitsa kuti achite zinthu zosagwirizana ndi ogwira nawo ntchito a ku China. Kuletsedwa kungakhale kosadziwika bwino mu 2020, ndipo pali ntchito zosavomerezeka mbali zonse za malire. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zachilendo padziko lapansi zikupitilizabe kukhazikitsidwa ku China. Sengelirctions zokhala ndi ziwembu zakhala garger ya green maenrals Cold. Zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala nkhani yachitetezo ndi zomwe sizimakhala ndi vuto lalikulu kudzakhala nkhani yotsutsana ndi gulu lankhondo lankhondo. Kuyambira mu 2010, masheya akwera bwino, omwe amatha kuchepera ku China modzidzimutsa. Anthu okhala padziko lapansi amathanso kubwezeretsedwanso, ndipo njira zitha kupangidwa kuti zizitha kukonza bwino ntchito yomwe ilipo. Kuyesayesa kwa boma la Japan kuti mupeze njira yabwino yakuthupi yobwerera m'manda osungirako zinthu zambiri pachuma. Kuchulukitsa kwa China kukukhudzanso zachilengedwe. Ngakhale kugulitsa zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi pama mitengo kochepa kungatseke mpikisano wakunja, zathandiza kwambiri pakupanga komanso kukonzanso. Madzi otayika ndi oopsa kwambiri. Madzi a zinyalala omwe ali pamwamba pa dziwe amatha kuchepetsa kuipitsa dziko lapansi lozungulira, koma madzi owonongeka amatha kutaya kapena kuthyola, kumayambitsa kuipitsa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti palibe amene satchulapo anthu oipitsitsa padziko lapansi m'migodi ya hingtze mtsinje wa Yangtze mu 2020, pali zodetsa nkhawa. Madzi osefukira anali ndi vuto pafakitale ya Leshan Senghe ndi kufufuza kwake. Kampaniyo ikuyerekeza kutayika kwake kukhala pakati pa US $ 35 miliyoni, kupitilira kuchuluka kwa inshuwaransi. Popeza kusefukira kwamadzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo kumachitika pafupipafupi, kuthekera kowonongeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zaka zambiri, phindu lake limakhala ndi ndalama zambiri, ndikufanizira ndi kuchuluka komwe kungakukonzenso. Palibe phindu. Kuwonongeka. "Ngakhale zili choncho, kutengera gwero la lipotilo, China idzaperekabe 70% mpaka 77% ya zinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi. Mavuto akatsala pang'ono kupezeka, monga mu 2010 ndi 2019, kodi United States angapitirize kulabadira. Pankhani ya griquench ndi Molycorp, kampaniyo imatha kunyengerera komitiyo ku United States ku United States (CFus) kuti kugulitsa sikungakupweteketse chitetezo chathu. CFIus ayenera kuchulukitsa kukula kwake kuti aphatikizire chitetezo chachuma, ndipo kuyeneranso kukhala maso. Mosiyana ndi zochitika zazifupi komanso zazifupi komanso zazifupi zakale, zomwe anthu omwe akupitilizabe mtsogolo ndizofunikira. Ndikakumbukira ndemanga za anthu mu 2019, sitinganene kuti sitinachenjezedwe. Ndondomeko zakunja Kafukufuku Detaite ndi bungwe lomwe silinakhalepo pamutu wodzipereka kuti lizifalitsa mfundo zotsutsana pa ife mfundo zakunja zakunja ndi chitetezo cha dziko. Chofunika.teuteel Dreyer, katswiri wamkulu wa mfundo zakunja za June ku United States ku Yunivesite ya Miami mu 2019 (Coviden-19, 2020, Wen M'mwambo wamtendere wabwino kwambiri [...] nthawi zambiri, msonkhano wapachaka wa anthu a ku Congress a National (NPC) ya China ndi chinthu chopanda pake. Mu lingaliro, Republic of China [...] The Institute of Production Yakunja yadzipereka popereka chidziwitso chapamwamba kwambiri komanso kuwunika kwa mfundo zazikuluzikulu zakunja ndi zovuta zazikulu zakunja zomwe zikukumana ndi United States. Timaphunzitsa anthu omwe amapanga ndi kukopa mfundo komanso pagulu wamba kudzera m'mbiri yakale, zachilengedwe, komanso chikhalidwe. Werengani zambiri za FPPRI »Ndondomeko zakunja Kafukufuku wa Kafukufukuyu, 1528 Walnut St., Ste. 610risHadeelphia, Pennsylvania 191025.215.712.871.3115.712.4111 maumwini onse ndi otetezedwa.
Post Nthawi: Jul-04-2022