Monga aloyi yopepuka yomwe ndiyofunikira pazida zoyendera ndege, ma macroscopic makina a aluminiyamu aloyi amagwirizana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ake. Posintha zinthu zazikuluzikulu zopangira ma aluminiyamu aloyi, ma microstructure a aluminiyamu aloyi amatha kusinthidwa, ndipo ma macroscopic makina ndi zinthu zina (monga kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi magwiridwe antchito) zitha kusintha kwambiri. Mpaka pano, microalloying yakhala njira yodalirika kwambiri yachitukuko chaukadaulo pakuwongolera kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka ma aluminiyamu aloyi ndikuwongolera zida zonse za aluminiyamu aloyi.Scandium(Sc) ndiye chowonjezera chothandizira kwambiri cha ma microalloying omwe amadziwika ndi ma aloyi a aluminiyamu. Kusungunuka kwa scandium mu matrix a aluminium ndi ochepera 0.35 wt.%, Kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu za scandium ku ma aluminiyamu aloyi kumatha kupititsa patsogolo mawonekedwe awo, kukulitsa mphamvu zawo, kulimba, pulasitiki, kukhazikika kwamafuta, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Scandium imakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri zakuthupi muzitsulo za aluminiyamu, kuphatikizapo kulimbikitsa njira zolimba, kulimbitsa tinthu, ndi kulepheretsa kukonzanso. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za chitukuko cha mbiriyakale, kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa, komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito scandium yokhala ndi ma aloyi a aluminiyamu pantchito yopanga zida zandege.
Kafukufuku ndi Kukula kwa Aluminium Scandium Alloy
Kuwonjezeredwa kwa scandium ngati chinthu chophatikizira ku ma aluminiyamu aloyi kumatha kutsatiridwa kuyambira m'ma 1960. Panthawiyo, ntchito zambiri zinkachitika mu binary Al Sc ndi ternary AlMg Sc alloy systems. M'zaka za m'ma 1970, Baykov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science ya Soviet Academy of Sciences ndi All Russian Institute of Light Alloy Research inachita kafukufuku wokhazikika pa mawonekedwe ndi makina a scandium muzitsulo zotayidwa. Pambuyo pa zaka pafupifupi 40 zoyesayesa, magiredi 14 a aluminium scandium alloys apangidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu (Al Mg Sc, Al Li Sc, Al Zn Mg Sc). Kusungunuka kwa maatomu a scandium mu aluminiyamu ndi otsika, ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zochizira kutentha, ma precipitates a Al3Sc nano apamwamba amatha kugwa. Mvula iyi imakhala yozungulira, yokhala ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono komanso yogawidwa, ndipo imakhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi matrix a aluminiyamu, omwe amatha kusintha kwambiri kutentha kwa chipinda cha ma aluminiyamu. Kuphatikiza apo, ma precipitates a Al3Sc nano amakhala ndi kukhazikika kwamatenthedwe komanso kukana kwamphamvu pakutentha kwambiri (mkati mwa 400 ℃), komwe kumapindulitsa kwambiri kukana kutentha kwa aloyi. Mu Russian zopangidwa zotayidwa scandium aloyi, 1570 aloyi wakopa chidwi kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapamwamba ndi ntchito lonse. Aloyi izi zimasonyeza bwino ntchito kutentha osiyanasiyana -196 ℃ mpaka 70 ℃ ndipo ali superplasticity zachilengedwe, amene akhoza m'malo Russian anapanga LF6 zotayidwa aloyi (a zotayidwa magnesium aloyi makamaka wopangidwa ndi zotayidwa, magnesium, mkuwa, manganese, ndi pakachitsulo) kuti katundu-zambiri kuwotcherera sing'anga, ndi bwino ntchito zowotcherera mpweya wamadzi, zinthu zamadzimadzi bwino ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, Russia idapanganso ma aluminiyamu zinc magnesium scandium alloys, oimiridwa ndi 1970, okhala ndi mphamvu yopitilira 500MPa.
Mkhalidwe wa Industrialization waAluminiyamu Scandium Aloyi
Mu 2015, European Union inatulutsa "European Metallurgical Roadmap: Prospects for Manufacturers and End Users", ikufuna kuti iphunzire kutsekemera kwa aluminiyamu.magnesium scandium aloyi. Mu Seputembala 2020, European Union idatulutsa mndandanda wazinthu 29 zofunika kwambiri zamchere, kuphatikiza scandium. The 5024H116 aluminium magnesium scandium alloy yopangidwa ndi Ale Aluminium ku Germany ili ndi mphamvu yapakatikati mpaka yayikulu komanso kulekerera kuwonongeka kwakukulu, kupangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chodalirika kwambiri pakhungu la fuselage. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ma aluminiyamu amtundu wa 2xxx ndipo yaphatikizidwa m'buku logula zinthu la Airbus 'AIMS03-01-055. 5028 ndi kalasi yabwino ya 5024, yoyenera kuwotcherera kwa laser ndi kuwotcherera kwa mikangano. Itha kukwaniritsa njira yopangira ma hyperbolic ophatikizika pakhoma, yomwe siichita dzimbiri ndipo safuna zokutira zotayidwa. Poyerekeza ndi 2524 alloy, mawonekedwe a khoma lonse la fuselage amatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwa 5%. Tsamba la AA5024-H116 aluminiyamu scandium alloy lopangidwa ndi Aili Aluminium Company lagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma fuselage a ndege ndi zida zopangira ndege. The makulidwe mmene AA5024-H116 aloyi pepala ndi 1.6mm kuti 8.0mm, ndipo chifukwa otsika kachulukidwe, zolimbitsa makina katundu, mkulu dzimbiri kukana, ndi okhwima dimensional kupatuka, akhoza m'malo 2524 aloyi monga fuselage khungu zakuthupi. Pakadali pano, pepala la aloyi la AA5024-H116 latsimikiziridwa ndi Airbus AIMS03-04-055. Mu Disembala 2018, Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Ukadaulo Wachidziwitso waku China udatulutsa "Katalogi Yowongolera Gulu Loyamba la Ziwonetsero Zazida Zatsopano Zatsopano (Kusindikiza kwa 2018)", zomwe zidaphatikizanso "high-purity scandium oxide" m'kabukhu lachitukuko chamakampani atsopano. Mu 2019, Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Ukadaulo Wachidziwitso waku China udatulutsa "Guiding Catalog for the First Batch of Demonstration Application of Key New Materials (2019 Edition)", yomwe idaphatikizanso "Sc yomwe ili ndi zida zopangira ma aluminiyamu ndi mawaya owotcherera a Al Si Sc" m'kabukhu lachitukuko chamakampani atsopano. China Aluminium Group Northeast Light Alloy yapanga Al Mg Sc Zr mndandanda wa 5B70 alloy wokhala ndi scandium ndi zirconium. Poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe cha Al Mg mndandanda wa 5083 aloyi wopanda scandium ndi zirconium, zokolola zake ndi mphamvu zamakokedwe zawonjezeka ndi 30%. Kuphatikiza apo, aloyi ya Al Mg Sc Zr imatha kusunga kukana kwa dzimbiri kofananira ndi aloyi ya 5083. Pakali pano, waukulu m'banja mabizinezi ndi mafakitale kalasialuminium scandium alloymphamvu yopanga ndi Northeast Light Alloy Company ndi Southwest Aluminium Viwanda. The lalikulu kakulidwe 5B70 zotayidwa scandium aloyi pepala opangidwa ndi Northeast Light Aloyi Co., Ltd. akhoza kupereka lalikulu zotayidwa aloyi mbale wandiweyani ndi makulidwe pazipita 70mm ndi m'lifupi pazipita 3500mm; Zochepa za pepala ndi malonda a mbiri akhoza kusinthidwa kuti apange, ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana a 2mm mpaka 6mm ndi m'lifupi mwake 1500mm. Aluminiyamu yakumwera chakumadzulo kwapanga pawokha 5K40 zakuthupi ndipo yapita patsogolo kwambiri pakupanga mbale zoonda. Al Zn Mg alloy ndi nthawi yowumitsa aloyi yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, ntchito yabwino yopangira, komanso kuwotcherera kwabwino kwambiri. Ndi chinthu chofunikira komanso chofunikira pamagalimoto apano monga ndege. Pamaziko a sing'anga mphamvu weldable AlZn Mg, kuwonjezera scandium ndi zirconium aloyi zinthu akhoza kupanga ang'onoang'ono ndi omwazikana Al3 (Sc, Zr) nanoparticles mu microstructure, kwambiri kuwongolera katundu mawotchi ndi nkhawa dzimbiri kukana aloyi. Langley Research Center ya NASA yapanga ternary aluminium scandium alloy yokhala ndi grade C557, yomwe ili yokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumishoni zachitsanzo. Mphamvu yosasunthika, kufalikira kwa ming'alu, ndi kusweka kwa aloyiyi pa kutentha kochepa (-200 ℃), kutentha kwa chipinda, ndi kutentha kwakukulu (107 ℃) zonse ndizofanana kapena zabwinopo kuposa za 2524 alloy. Yunivesite ya Northwestern ku United States yapanga AlZn Mg Sc alloy 7000 series ultra-high-high mphamvu aluminiyamu alloy, ndi mphamvu zolimba mpaka 680MPa. Njira yolumikizirana pakati pa sing'anga yamphamvu kwambiri ya aluminiyamu scandium alloy ndi mphamvu yopitilira muyeso Al Zn Mg Sc yapangidwa. Al Zn Mg Cu Sc aloyi ndi aluminiyamu yamphamvu kwambiri yokhala ndi mphamvu yopitilira 800 MPa. Pakali pano, mwadzina zikuchokera ndi zofunika ntchito magawo a sukulu waukulu waaluminium scandium alloyakufotokozedwa mwachidule motere, monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu Table 1 ndi 2.
Gulu 1 | Kupanga Mwadzina kwa Aluminium Scandium Alloy
Gulu 2 | Microstructure ndi Tensile Properties of Aluminium Scandium Alloy
Chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito aluminium scandium alloy
Mphamvu zazikulu za Al Zn Mg Cu Sc ndi Al CuLi Sc alloys agwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zonyamula katundu, kuphatikiza ma jets aku Russia a MiG-21 ndi MiG-29. Dashboard ya Russian spacecraft "Mars-1" imapangidwa ndi 1570 aluminium scandium alloy, ndi kuchepetsa kulemera kwa 20%. Zida zonyamula katundu za gawo la chida cha ndege ya Mars-96 zimapangidwa ndi 1970 aluminium alloy yomwe ili ndi scandium, kuchepetsa kulemera kwa chipangizocho ndi 20 Clean "Sky 10" pulogalamu ya "Sky" 10 "EU" pulogalamu ndi 10 Clean EU. "Njira", Airbus inachititsa kamangidwe ka khomo lonyamula katundu, kufufuza ndi chitukuko, kupanga, ndi kuyesa maulendo a ndege a A321 kutengera olowa m'malo mwa AA5028-H116 aluminium scandium alloy 5024 aluminium scandium alloy. Kuwotcherera kwa laser kuti akwaniritse kulumikizana kodalirika kwa scandium yokhala ndi aloyi ya aluminiyamu Kukhazikitsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa "kuwotcherera m'malo mwa riveting" mu ndege kumalimbitsa mbale zoonda sikumangosunga kusasinthika kwa zida zandege komanso kukhulupirika kwapangidwe, kukwanitsa kupanga zotsika mtengo, komanso kumachepetsanso kulemera ndi kusindikiza zotsatira za kafukufuku wa Aluminium 5B wathyola umisiri amphamvu kupota zigawo makulidwe khoma, kulamulira kukana dzimbiri ndi kufananitsa mphamvu, ndi kulamulira kuwotcherera yotsalira kupsyinjika Yakonza zitsulo zotayidwa scandium aloyi adaptive waya, ndi olowa mphamvu coefficient wa mikangano chipwirikiti kuwotcherera kwa mbale wandiweyani aloyi akhoza kufika 0,92, kuyesera mawotchi a Central University ndi South Academy kuyesa kwambiri 5B70 zinthu, mokweza ndi iterated structural kusankha zinthu chiwembu kwa 5A06, ndipo ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito 5B70 zotayidwa aloyi kuti dongosolo lonse analimbitsa khoma mapanelo a danga losindikizidwa kanyumba ndi kubwerera kanyumba gulu lonse la mbale kapangidwe kabatizidwe kanyumba kamangidwe kamangidwe kaphatikizidwe kapamwamba kanyumba kamangidwe ndi restructural kanyumba kamangidwe kapamwamba kamangidwe kamangidwe kamangidwe kapamwamba ndi restructuring kanyumba kanyumba kamangidwe kapamwamba ndi restructural kulimbitsa thupi. Kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika ndi mphamvu, kumachepetsa kuchuluka ndi zovuta zolumikizira, potero kumachepetsanso kulemera kwina ndikusunga magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za 5B70 kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ndikupitilira gawo locheperako, lomwe lingathandize kutsimikizira kupanga kosalekeza kwa zinthu zambiri zomwe zatchulidwa kale aloyi akhala bwino kudzera scandium microalloying, mtengo mkulu ndi kusowa kwa scandium kuchepetsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zotayidwa kasakaniza wazitsulo zotayidwa scandium Poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zotayidwa aloyi monga Al Cu, Al Zn, Al ZnMg, scandium munali zotayidwa aloyi zipangizo ali ndi katundu mabuku zabwino makina, dzimbiri kukana, ndi kuwapangitsa iwo kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri pokonza ntchito yotakata. Ndi kukula kosalekeza kwa kafukufuku waukadaulo wa scandium microalloying ndi kuwongolera kwaunyolo ndi mafananidwe amakampani, mtengo ndi zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma aloyi a aluminiyamu a scandium pang'onopang'ono zidzasintha pang'onopang'ono. gawo la kupanga zida zoyendetsa ndege.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-29-2024