Element 56: Barium

1, zoyambira zapamwambaMphala,
Chochititsa Chitsulo Chachitsulo Chachitsulo cha Alkaline, ndi Chizindikiro cha Chemical Ba, chili m'magulu IIa cha nthawi yachisanu ndi chimodzi ya tebulo la nthawi. Ndi loyera, siliva loyera lazadziko lokhala ndi chitsulo ndi chinthu chogwira kwambiri mu alkaline lapansi. Dzinalo limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek liwu la Beta a Alpha ρύύ (ma bars), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "kulemera".

2, kuzindikira mbiri yachidule
Sulfadel a alkaliner of Alkaliner Center akuwonetsa phosphorescence, kutanthauza kuti akupitiliza kuyatsa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi pang'ono mumdima atatha kuwala. Barium compour imayamba kukopa chidwi cha anthu chifukwa cha mawonekedwewa. Mu 1602, a Somaker wotchedwa Casio Lauro mumzinda wa Bologna, Italy, adawotcha rite wokhala ndi barium amathana ndi zinthu zoyaka ndipo adadzutsa chidwi cha akatswiri nthawi imeneyo. Pambuyo pake, mwala wamtunduwu udatchedwa The alnonite ndipo adadzutsa chidwi cha akatswiri azamadzi aku Europe mu kafukufuku wowunikira. Mu 1774, Condish Cwest Cwkele adazindikira kuti barry dothi latsopanoli, lomwe adayitcha "nthaka (dothi lolemera). Mu 1774, Steler adakhulupirira kuti mwala uwu unali kuphatikiza kwa dothi latsopano (oxide) ndi sulfuric acid. Mu 1776, adatenthetsa dothi latsopanoli kuti apeze nthaka yabwino (yaxide). Mu 1808, Briteni, Briteni H. Dayy adagwiritsa ntchito zedcury monga cakade ndi platinam ngati mawonekedwe a eledolyze territe (Bao4) kupanga barium Amalgam. Mutatha distiction kuti ichotse zercury, chitsulo chochepa choyera chinapezeka ndipo chimatchedwa chizindikiro chitangochitika ma barsi achigiriki (olemera). Chizindikiro cha chinthucho chimakhala ngati ba, chomwe chimatchedwamphala.

3, zinthu zakuthupi
Mphalandi chitsulo choyera choyera cha 725 ° C, chowiritsa cha 1846 ° C, kachulukidwe ka 3.51g / cm3, ndi maudindo. Ma os akuluakulu a barium ndi abirite ndi ardwepropyrite.

4,Mphalandi gawo la mankhwala ndi mankhwala.
Chizindikiro cha mankhwala A CA, atomiki nambala 56, ndi wa nthawi ya nthawi ya IIA gulu la IIA ndipo ndi membala wa zitsulo zapadziko lapansi. Barium ali ndi ntchito yayikulu ya mankhwala ndipo ndiwogwira ntchito kwambiri pakati pa zitsulo zapadziko lapansi. Kuchokera ku mphamvu zotheka ndi kununkhira, zitha kuwoneka kuti marrium ali ndi kuthengo mwamphamvu. M'malo mwake, ndikaganizira kutayika kwa elekitironi yoyamba, Barum ili ndi zovuta kwambiri m'madzi. Komabe, ndizovuta kwa Barium kutaya elekito yachiwiri. Chifukwa chake, poganizira zinthu zonse, kuwononga mabiri kumachepa kwambiri. Komabe, ndi imodzi mwazitsulo zogwira kwambiri mu ma acidic, chachiwiri kokha ku Lithiamu, cesidium, ndi potaziyamu.

5.Main mankhwala
1). Barum oxide pang'onopang'ono maxidizes mlengalenga kuti apange barium oxide, yomwe ndi crystal yopanda utoto. Sungunuka mu asidi, osakhazikika mu acetone ndi madzi amchere. Amachita ndi madzi kuti apange barium hydroxide, yomwe ndi yoopsa. Mukawotchedwa, imatulutsa lawi lobiriwira ndikupanga barium peroxide.
2). Barium Peroxide amakumana ndi sulfuric acid kuti apange hydrogen peroxide. Izi zimatengera mfundo yokonzekeretsa hydrogen peroxide mu labotale.
3). Barium hydroxide amajambula ndi madzi kuti apange barium hydroxide ndi mpweya wa hydrogen. Chifukwa cha kusungunuka kochepa kwa barium hydroxide ndi mphamvu zake zapamwamba, zomwe sizili bwino kwambiri monga za zitsulo za alkali, ndipo matenda hydroxide sadzabisira malingaliro. Katundu wochepa wa kaboni dayokisi amayambitsidwa mu njira yothetsera ma barbonate mpweya wowonjezera, ndipo mpweya woipa wa kaboni umayambitsidwa kuti usungunuke ndi ma barbonate bicarbonate.
4). Amino barium imatha kusungunuka mu ammonia wamadzimadzi, kupanga njira ya buluu yokhala ndi paramagnetis ndi kuchita zamatsenga, zomwe zimapanga ma Armoni elekitoni. Nditakhala nthawi yayitali yosungirako, haidron mu ammonia idzachepetsedwa kuti hydrogen gasi yolemba ma ammonia, ndipo zomwe zimachitika ndi barium yokhudzana ndi Ammonia wamadzimadzi kuti apange amino ndi mpweya wa hydrogeni.
5). Barrium sulfate ndi ufa woyera kapena ufa, sungunuka, sungunuka pang'ono m'madzi, ndipo pang'onopang'ono oxididwed mu barium sungunuka mukamayikidwa mlengalenga. Sungunulani mu ma oxidat okonda ma acids monga hydrochloric acid kuti ipange mafuta a sulufur dioxide ndi fungo labwino. Mukakumana ndi maxiding acid monga a nitric acid, imatha kusinthidwa kukhala barium sulfate.
6). Barfate Sulfate ali ndi mankhwala okhazikika, ndipo gawo la barium sulfate yosungunuka limasungunuka m'madzi limakonzedweratu, ndikupangitsa kukhala ma elekitor olimba. Barmain sulfate ndi insuluble mu kuchepetsa nitric acid. Makamaka ogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chapamimba mosiyana.
Barbium carbonate ndi poizoni ndipo pafupifupi insuluble m'madzi ozizira., Kusungunuka pang'ono m'madzi okhala ndi mpweya woipa ndikusungunuka mu hydrochloric acid. Zimakhudzana ndi sodium sulfate kupanga zoyera zoyera za barium sulfate - kutembenuka komwe kumachitika pakati pa njira yothetsera matenda: ndikosavuta kutembenuka kutsogoza.

6, magawo ogwiritsira ntchito
1. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zopangira ma barms, zowongolera, zozimitsa moto, zida za nyukiliya, ndi zina zabwino kwambiri zoyenga bwino. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu Exoys, kuphatikiza kutsogoleredwa, calcium, magnesium, sodium, limium, aluminium, ndi nickel entows. Barbium chitsulo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wothandizira wogulitsa kuti achotse mpweya wa machubu a vasuum ndi cashopuwa Rakes, komanso wothandizila ku Degrass for zitsulo zoyenga. Barum nitrate wosakanizidwa ndi potaziyamu chrote, magnesium ufa, ndipo rosin amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zingwe zowoneka ndi zozimitsa moto. Ma barble barbium ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati mankhwala ophatikizira, monga mabiramu chloride, kuti azilamulira tizirombo zingapo. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito poyeretsa brine ndi boiler madzi a electrolyustic causta kupanga soda. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza ulalo. Mafakitale ndi zikopa zamakachiwiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ngati wokhazikika komanso wosankha wa silika wopanga.
2. Ufa wopanda mafuta komanso wopanda pake, chinthu chomwe chingaperekenso chosiyana ndi thupi mu X-ray mayeso. Barium yazachipatala Sulfate sizimatengedwa m'mimba thirakiti ndipo sizimayambitsa mavuto. Ilibe barium corcious monga barium chloride, barium sulfide, ndi barium carbonate. Makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvuta kwa m'mimba, nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zina

7, njira yokonzekera
Kupanga mafakitale aBariumyagawidwa mbali ziwiri: kupanga kwa bar oxide ndi mankhwala amphungu achitsulo (aluminium kuwonjezerera). Pa 1000-1200 ℃,BariumItha kupezeka pochepetsa barium oxium oxium oximinic alumiminium, kenako ndikutsukidwa ndi vacuum distulation. Njira yochepetsera mphamvu yopanga ma bacium: chifukwa cha kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana, pakhoza kukhala zosintha ziwiri za kuchepetsa ma aluminium oxide. Equation yomwe ikuchitika ndi: zonsezo zimangotulutsa barium pang'ono pa 1000-1200 ℃. Chifukwa chake, popapo pampu iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa ma baalla vapor kuchokera kudera lokhala ndi zozizira kuti apitilize kupita kumanja. Zotsalira pambuyo poti zomwe zikuchitikazo ndi zoopsa ndipo zikufunika kuthandizidwa musanatayire