Kutulutsa kwa Galium

M'zigawo zaGalliyamu

Galliyamuchimawoneka ngati malata pa kutentha kwa chipinda, ndipo ngati mukufuna kuchigwira m'dzanja lanu, nthawi yomweyo chimasungunuka kukhala mikanda yasiliva. Poyambirira, malo osungunuka a gallium anali otsika kwambiri, 29.8C okha. Ngakhale malo osungunuka a gallium ndi otsika kwambiri, malo ake owira ndi okwera kwambiri, kufika pamtunda wa 2070C. Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito gallium kupanga ma thermometers poyeza kutentha kwambiri. Ma thermometers awa amalowetsedwa mu ng'anjo yachitsulo yoyaka moto, ndipo chigoba chagalasi chatsala pang'ono kusungunuka. Galiyumu mkati sichinawirirebe. Ngati galasi la quartz lotentha kwambiri likugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chipolopolo cha thermometer ya gallium, imatha kuyeza kutentha kwakukulu kwa 1500C. Chifukwa chake, anthu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito choyezera chamtundu uwu kuyeza kutentha kwa ng'anjo zomwe zimachitikira ndi ma atomiki.

Gallium ili ndi zinthu zabwino zoponyera, ndipo chifukwa cha "kuchepa kwake kotentha ndi kufalikira kozizira", imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma alloys otsogolera, kupangitsa font kukhala yomveka bwino. M'makampani opanga mphamvu za atomiki, gallium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sing'anga yotumizira kutentha kusamutsa kutentha kuchokera kumagetsi. Gallium ndi zitsulo zambiri, monga bismuth, lead, malata, cadmium, etc., zimapanga fusible alloy yokhala ndi malo osungunuka otsika kuposa 60C. Pakati pawo, gallium zitsulo aloyi munali 25% (kusungunuka mfundo 16C) ndi gallium malata aloyi munali 8% malata (kusungunuka mfundo 20C) angagwiritsidwe ntchito fuse dera ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana chitetezo. Kutentha kukakhala kokwera, amasungunuka ndikuchotsa, kuchita nawo chitetezo.

Mothandizana ndi galasi, imakhala ndi mphamvu yokulitsa index yowunikira yagalasi ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga galasi lapadera la kuwala. Chifukwa gallium ili ndi mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri yowunikira kuwala ndipo imatha kumamatira bwino pagalasi, kupirira kutentha kwambiri, ndiyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowunikira. Magalasi a Gallium amatha kuwunikiranso kuposa 70% ya kuwala komwe kumatulutsa.

Mitundu ina ya gallium tsopano ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi sayansi ndi luso lamakono. Gallium arsenide ndi zida za semiconductor zomwe zapezeka kumene zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito ngati gawo lamagetsi kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zida zamagetsi ndikukwaniritsa miniaturization. Anthu apanganso ma lasers pogwiritsa ntchito gallium arsenide monga chigawo chimodzi, chomwe ndi mtundu watsopano wa laser wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukula kochepa. Mankhwala a Gallium ndi phosphorous - Gallium phosphide ndi chipangizo chotulutsa kuwala kwa semiconductor chomwe chimatha kutulutsa kuwala kofiira kapena kobiriwira. Zapangidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya manambala achiarabu ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakompyuta apakompyuta kuti ziwonetse zotsatira zowerengera.