The m'zigawo, kukonzekera ndi kusunga otetezekagadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃)ndi mbali zofunika za rare Earth element processing. Zotsatirazi ndizofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane:
一、 Njira yochotsera gadolinium oxide
Gadolinium oxide nthawi zambiri imachotsedwa ku miyala yapadziko lapansi yomwe ili ndi gadolinium, ore wamba amaphatikiza monazite ndi bastnäsite. Njira yochotsera imakhala ndi izi:
1. Kuwonongeka kwa Ore:
Mwala wosowa wapadziko lapansi umawonongeka ndi asidi kapena njira ya alkaline.
Njira ya Acid: Thirani miyalayo ndi sulfuric acid kapena hydrochloric acid kuti musinthe zinthu zomwe sizikupezeka padziko lapansi kukhala mchere wosungunuka.
Njira ya alkaline: Gwiritsani ntchito sodium hydroxide kapena potaziyamu hydroxide kusungunula ore pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti musinthe zinthu zomwe sizikupezeka padziko lapansi kukhala ma hydroxides.
2.Kupatukana kwa dziko:
Olekanitsa gadolinium kuchokera kumitundu yosakanikirana yapadziko lapansi yosowa pochotsa zosungunulira kapena kusinthana kwa ayoni.
Njira yosungunulira: Gwiritsani ntchito zosungunulira za organic (monga tributyl phosphate) kuti musankhe ma ayoni a gadolinium.
Njira yosinthira ion: Gwiritsani ntchito utomoni wosinthira ion kuti mulekanitse ma ion a gadolinium.
3. Kuyeretsa gadolinium:
Kupyolera m'zigawo zingapo kapena kusinthana kwa ayoni, zinthu zina zapadziko lapansi zosawerengeka ndi zonyansa zimachotsedwa kuti zipeze mankhwala oyeretsedwa kwambiri a gadolinium (monga gadolinium chloride kapena gadolinium nitrate).
4.Kutembenuka kukhala gadolinium oxide:
Mankhwala oyeretsedwa a gadolinium (monga gadolinium nitrate kapena gadolinium oxalate) amawotchedwa pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti awole ndikupanga gadolinium oxide.
Chitsanzo: 2 Gd(NO₃)₃ → Gd₂O₃ + 6 NO₂ + 3/2 O₂
二、Kukonzekera njira ya gadolinium oxide
1. High kutentha calcination njira:
Mchere wa Calcine gadolinium (monga gadolinium nitrate, gadolinium oxalate kapena gadolinium carbonate) pa kutentha kwakukulu (pamwamba pa 800 ° C) kuti uwole ndikupanga gadolinium oxide.
Iyi ndiyo njira yokonzekera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo ndiyoyenera kupanga zazikulu.
2. Njira ya Hydrothermal:
Gadolinium okusayidi nanoparticles amapangidwa ndi anachita gadolinium salt ndi njira zamchere pansi kutentha ndi mkulu mavuto hydrothermal zinthu.
Njira imeneyi akhoza kukonzekera mkulu-kuyera gadolinium okusayidi ndi yunifolomu tinthu kukula.
3. Sol-gel njira:
Mchere wa Gadolinium umasakanizidwa ndi zinthu zoyambira organic (monga citric acid) kuti apange sol, yomwe kenako imapangidwa ndi gelled, zouma ndi calcined kupeza gadolinium oxide.
Njirayi ndi yoyenera kukonzekera nano-scale gadolinium oxide powder.
三, Malo otetezedwa a gadolinium oxide
Gadolinium oxide imakhala yokhazikika kutentha kwa firiji, koma izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwabe kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndi ntchito zakuthupi:
1. Kupanda chinyezi:
Gadolinium oxide ili ndi mulingo wina wa hygroscopicity ndipo iyenera kusungidwa pamalo owuma kuti isakhudzidwe ndi chinyezi.
Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito chidebe chosindikizidwa ndikuwonjezera desiccant (monga silika gel).
2. Kuwala:
Gadolinium oxide imakhudzidwa ndi kuwala, ndipo kukhudzana ndi kuwala kwamphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali kungakhudze ntchito yake.
Ayenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, amdima.
3. Kuwongolera kutentha:
Kutentha kosungirako kuyenera kuwongoleredwa mkati mwa kutentha kwa chipinda (15-25 ° C), kupewa kutentha kwambiri kapena kutsika.
Kutentha kwakukulu kungayambitse kusintha kwa gadolinium oxide, ndipo kutentha kochepa kungayambitse hygroscopicity.
4.Pewani kukhudzana ndi asidi:
Gadolinium oxide ndi alkaline oxide ndipo imachita zachiwawa ndi asidi.
Khalani kutali ndi acidic zinthu panthawi yosungirako.
5. Pewani fumbi:
Gadolinium oxide ufa ukhoza kukhumudwitsa thirakiti la kupuma ndi khungu.
Gwiritsani ntchito ziwiya zomata posunga ndi kuvala zida zodzitetezera (monga masks ndi magolovesi) pogwira.
IV. Kusamalitsa
1.Poizoni:Gadolinium oxide palokha imakhala ndi poizoni wochepa, koma fumbi lake limatha kukwiyitsa thirakiti la kupuma ndi khungu, kotero kukhudzana mwachindunji kuyenera kupewedwa.
2.Kutaya zinyalala:Zinyalala za gadolinium oxide ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso kapena kuthandizidwa motsatira malamulo owopsa a mankhwala kuti apewe kuwononga chilengedwe.
Kupyolera m'zigawo zomwe tatchulazi, kukonzekera ndi kusungirako, gadolinium oxide yapamwamba kwambiri imatha kupezedwa bwino komanso mosamala kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zake m'madera a maginito, zipangizo zamagetsi, zojambula zachipatala, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-28-2025