Lanthanide
Lanthanide, lanthanid
Tanthauzo: Zinthu 57 mpaka 71 mu tebulo la periodic. Mawu ambiri a zinthu 15 kuchokera ku lanthanum kupita ku lutetium. Adafotokozedwa ngati Ln. Kusintha kwa ma elekitironi a valence ndi 4f0 ~ 145d0 ~ 26s2, yomwe ili m'gulu la kusintha kwamkati;Lanthanumopanda 4f ma elekitironi komanso amachotsedwa dongosolo lanthanide.
Chilango: Chemistry_ Inorganic chemistry_ Elements ndi Inorganic chemistry
Mawu ofananira: batire la siponji la hydrogen Nickel-metal hydride
Gulu la zinthu 15 zofanana pakati pa lanthanum ndilutetiummu tebulo la periodic amatchedwa Lanthanide. Lanthanum ndi chinthu choyamba mu Lanthanide, chokhala ndi Chemical chizindikiro La ndi Atomiki nambala 57. Lanthanum ndi yofewa (ikhoza kudulidwa mwachindunji ndi mpeni), ductile, ndi chitsulo choyera cha siliva chomwe chimataya pang'onopang'ono kuwala kwake pamene chikuwonekera pa mpweya. Ngakhale kuti lanthanum imatchulidwa kuti ndi chinthu chosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi, chinthu chake chomwe chili mu kutumphuka chimakhala cha 28, pafupifupi katatu kuposa cha lead. Lanthanum alibe poizoni wapadera m'thupi la munthu, koma ali ndi antibacterial zochita.
Mankhwala a Lanthanum ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzothandizira, zowonjezera magalasi, nyali za carbon arc mu nyali zojambula zithunzi za studio kapena ma projekita, zigawo zoyatsira mu zoyatsira ndi zounikira, machubu a cathode ray, ma scintillator, ma elekitirodi a GTAW, ndi zinthu zina.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga batire ya Nickel-metal hydride anode ndi La (Ni3.6Mn0.4Al0.3Co0.7). Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kochotsa Lanthanide ina, lanthanum yoyera idzalowetsedwa m'malo ndi zitsulo zosakanizika zapadziko lapansi zomwe zili ndi lanthanum yoposa 50%. Masiponji a haidrojeni ali ndi lanthanum, yomwe imatha kusunga mpweya wake wa haidrojeni kuwirikiza nthawi 400 panthawi yobweza ndi kutulutsa mphamvu ya kutentha. Chifukwa chake, ma aloyi a siponji a haidrojeni amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina opulumutsa mphamvu.Lanthanum oxidendiLanthanum hexaborideamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zotentha za cathode mumachubu a vacuum ma elekitironi. Kiristalo wa Lanthanum hexaboride ndi wowala kwambiri komanso moyo wautali wotulutsa ma elekitironi otulutsa ma microscopes ndi Hall-effect thruster.
Lanthanum trifluoride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira nyali za fulorosenti, kusakanikirana ndiEuropium(III) fluoride,ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati filimu ya crystal ya fluoride ion selective electrode. Lanthanum trifluoride ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la galasi lolemera la fluoride lotchedwa ZBLAN. Ili ndi ma transmittance abwino kwambiri mumtundu wa infrared ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina olumikizirana ma fiber optical. Cerium adagwaLanthanum(III) bromidendiLanthanum (III) kloridekukhala ndi katundu wa kutulutsa kwapamwamba kwambiri, kusinthika kwa mphamvu zokwanira komanso kuyankha mofulumira. Ndizinthu zamtundu wa Scintillator, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogulitsa ma neutroni ndi γ A chowunikira cha radiation. Galasi yowonjezeredwa ndi Lanthanum oxide imakhala ndi index yotsika kwambiri ya refractive komanso kubalalitsidwa pang'ono, komanso imatha kusintha kukana kwa galasi la alkali. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga magalasi apadera owoneka bwino, monga magalasi oyamwitsa a infrared, makamera ndi magalasi a telescope. Kuonjezera lanthanum pang'ono ku chitsulo kungapangitse kukana kwake ndi ductility, pamene kuwonjezera lanthanum ku molybdenum kungachepetse kuuma kwake ndi kukhudzidwa kwa kusintha kwa kutentha. Lanthanum ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zina zosowa zapadziko lapansi (ma oxides, chlorides, etc.) ndi zigawo za catalysts zosiyanasiyana, monga cracking reaction catalysts.
Lanthanum carbonateamavomerezedwa ngati mankhwala. Pamene hyperphosphatemia zimachitika aimpso kulephera, kutenga Lanthanum carbonate akhoza kulamulira mankwala mu seramu kufika chandamale mlingo. Lanthanum kusinthidwa bentonite akhoza kuchotsa mankwala m'madzi kupewa Eutrophication madzi a m'nyanja. Mankhwala ambiri osambira oyeretsedwa amakhala ndi lanthanum pang'ono, yomwe imachotsanso phosphate ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa algae. Monga Horseradish peroxidase, lanthanum imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati electron dense tracer mu biology ya maselo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-01-2023