Mu opera ya mlengalenga ya Frank Herbert "Dunes", chinthu chamtengo wapatali chotchedwa "spice mix" chimapatsa anthu kuthekera koyenda m'chilengedwe chonse kuti akhazikitse chitukuko chapakati pa nyenyezi. Mu moyo weniweni pa Dziko Lapansi, gulu la zitsulo zachilengedwe lotchedwa rare earth elements lapangitsa teknoloji yamakono kukhala yotheka. Kufunika kwa zigawo zazikuluzikulu za Pafupifupi zinthu zonse zamakono zamagetsi zikukwera kwambiri.
Dziko lapansi losowakukumana ndi zikwizikwi za zosowa zosiyanasiyana - mwachitsanzo, cerium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira pakuyenga mafuta, pomwegadoliniumamatchera ma neutroni mu zida zanyukiliya. Koma luso lodziwika bwino la zinthu izi lili mu luminescence ndi maginito.
Timadalira dziko losowa kuti lijambule chinsalu cha foni yathu yanzeru, kugwiritsa ntchito fluorescence kusonyeza kudalirika kwa ndalama za banki ya Euro, ndi kusamutsa zizindikiro pansi pa nyanja kupyolera mu zingwe za optical fiber. Ndiwofunikanso popanga maginito amphamvu kwambiri komanso odalirika padziko lonse lapansi. Amapanga mafunde omveka m'makutu anu, amakulitsa zidziwitso za digito mumlengalenga, ndikusintha momwe mizinga yosaka ikuyendera. Rare Earth ikulimbikitsanso chitukuko chaukadaulo wobiriwira, monga mphamvu yamphepo ndi magalimoto amagetsi, ndipo imatha kupanga zida zatsopano zamakompyuta a Quantum. Stephen Boyd, katswiri wopanga mankhwala komanso mlangizi wodziyimira pawokha, adati, "Mndandandawu ndi wopanda malire. Iwo ali paliponse
Dziko lapansi losowa limatanthauza Lanthanide lutetium ndi zinthu 14 pakati pa lanthanum ndiyttrium, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika mu gawo limodzi ndipo zimakhala ndi mankhwala ofanana ndi Lanthanide. Zitsulo zamtundu wa imvi mpaka siliva nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi pulasitiki komanso zosungunuka kwambiri komanso zowira. Mphamvu zawo zachinsinsi zili mu ma electron. Ma atomu onse ali ndi nyukiliyasi yozunguliridwa ndi ma elekitironi, omwe amakhala kudera lotchedwa orbit. Ma elekitironi omwe ali munjira yakutali kwambiri ndi nyukiliyasi ndi Valence electron, yomwe imatenga nawo gawo pamachitidwe amankhwala ndikupanga mgwirizano ndi ma atomu ena.
Ambiri a Lanthanide ali ndi gulu lina lofunika la ma electron, lotchedwa "f-electrons", omwe amakhala m'dera la golide pafupi ndi electron ya Valence koma pafupi pang'ono ndi phata. Ana de Bettencourt Dias, katswiri wa sayansi ya zamankhwala pa yunivesite ya Nevada, Reno, anati: “Ndi ma electron amene amayambitsa mphamvu ya maginito ndi younikira ya zinthu zosowa padziko lapansi.”
Dziko lapansi losowa ndi gulu la zinthu 17 (zosonyezedwa mu buluu pa tebulo la periodic). Kagawo kakang'ono ka zinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi kumatchedwa Lanthanide (lutetium, Lu, kuphatikiza mzere wotsogozedwa ndilanthanum, La). Chigawo chilichonse chimakhala ndi chipolopolo, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi ma electron, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzi zikhale ndi maginito komanso zowala.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-05-2023