Dysprosium,chizindikiro cha Dy ndi nambala ya atomiki 66. Ndi arare earth elementndi zitsulo zonyezimira. Dysprosium sichinapezekepo ngati chinthu chimodzi m'chilengedwe, ngakhale ilipo mu mchere wambiri monga yttrium phosphate.
Kuchuluka kwa dysprosium mu kutumphuka ndi 6ppm, yomwe ndi yotsika kuposa ya
yttriumm'zinthu zolemera zapadziko lapansi. Amaonedwa kuti ndi olemera kwambiri
rare Earth element ndipo imapereka maziko abwino ogwiritsira ntchito.
Dysprosium m'chilengedwe chake imapangidwa ndi ma isotopu asanu ndi awiri, ndipo ochuluka kwambiri ndi 164 Dy.
Dysprosium poyamba inapezedwa ndi Paul Achilleck de Bospoland mu 1886, koma sizinali mpaka chitukuko cha teknoloji yosinthana ndi ion mu 1950s kuti chinali chodzipatula. Dysprosium ili ndi ntchito zochepa chifukwa sizingasinthidwe ndi zinthu zina zamakina.
Mchere wosungunuka wa dysprosium uli ndi kawopsedwe kakang'ono, pomwe mchere wosasungunuka umatengedwa kuti ndi wopanda poizoni.
Kupeza Mbiri
Anapezedwa ndi: L. Boisbaudran, French
Anapezeka mu 1886 ku France
Mossander atapatukanaerbiumdziko lapansi nditerbiumEarth kuchokera ku yttrium earth mu 1842, akatswiri a zamankhwala ambiri adagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kowoneka bwino kuti azindikire ndikuzindikira kuti sanali ma oxides amtundu wina, zomwe zidalimbikitsa akatswiri a zamankhwala kuti apitirize kuwalekanitsa. Zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri pambuyo pa kulekana kwa holmium, mu 1886, Bouvabadrand anaigawa pakati ndi kusunga holmium, ina yotchedwa dysprosium, yokhala ndi chizindikiro choyambirira Dy. Mawuwa amachokera ku liwu lachi Greek lakuti dysprositos ndipo amatanthauza 'zovuta kupeza'. Ndi kupezeka kwa dysprosium ndi zinthu zina zosowa zapadziko lapansi, theka lina la gawo lachitatu la kupezeka kwa zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi latha.
Kukonzekera kwamagetsi
Kapangidwe kamagetsi:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f10
isotope
Mwachilengedwe, dysprosium imapangidwa ndi isotopu zisanu ndi ziwiri: 156Dy, 158Dy, 160Dy, 161Dy, 162Dy, 163Dy, ndi 164Dy. Zonsezi zimawonedwa ngati zokhazikika, ngakhale kuwonongeka kwa 156Dy ndi theka la moyo wazaka zopitilira 1 * 1018. Pakati pa ma isotopu omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe, 164Dy ndi yochuluka kwambiri pa 28%, ndikutsatiridwa ndi 162Dy pa 26%. Zochepa zokwanira ndi 156Dy, 0.06%. Ma isotopu 29 a radioactive apangidwanso, kuyambira 138 mpaka 173, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa atomiki. Chokhazikika kwambiri ndi 154Dy ndi theka la moyo wa zaka pafupifupi 3106, kutsatiridwa ndi 159Dy ndi theka la moyo wa masiku 144.4. Chosakhazikika kwambiri ndi 138 Dy chokhala ndi theka la moyo wa 200 milliseconds. 154Dy imayamba makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa alpha, pomwe kuwonongeka kwa 152Dy ndi 159Dy kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kugwidwa kwa ma elekitironi.
Chitsulo
Dysprosium ili ndi zitsulo zonyezimira komanso zonyezimira zasiliva. Ndiwofewa ndipo amatha kupangidwa popanda kuwotcha ngati kupewedwa kutenthedwa. The thupi katundu wa dysprosium amakhudzidwa ngakhale pang'ono zosafunika. Dysprosium ndi holmium ali ndi mphamvu ya maginito kwambiri, makamaka pa kutentha kochepa. A yosavuta dysprosium ferromagnet amakhala helical antiferromagnetic boma pa kutentha m'munsimu 85 K (-188.2 C) ndi pamwamba 85 K (-188.2 C), kumene maatomu onse ofanana ndi wosanjikiza pansi pa nthawi yeniyeni ndi nkhope moyandikana zigawo pa ngodya yokhazikika. . Antiferromagnetism yachilendo imeneyi imasandulika kukhala chisokonezo (paramagnetic) pa 179 K (-94 C).
Ntchito:
(1) Monga chowonjezera cha neodymium iron boron maginito okhazikika, kuwonjezera za 2-3% dysprosium ku mtundu uwu wa maginito kumatha kusintha mphamvu yake. M'mbuyomu, kufunikira kwa dysprosium sikunali kwakukulu, koma ndi kuchuluka kwa maginito a neodymium iron boron, kunakhala chinthu chofunikira chowonjezera, chokhala ndi kalasi ya 95-99.9%, ndipo kufunikira kukukulirakuliranso.
(2) Dysprosium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati activator ya phosphors, ndipo trivalent Dysprosium ndi ion yodalirika yoyambitsa ma ion a single emission center tricolor luminescent luminescent. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi magulu awiri a emission, imodzi ndi yellow emission, ndipo ina ndi blue emission. Dysprosium doped luminescent zida zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tricolor phosphors.
(3) Dysprosium ndi zofunika zitsulo zopangira pokonzekera lalikulu magnetostrictive aloyi Terfenol, amene angathe kupangitsa mayendedwe enieni makina kuti akwaniritse.
(4)Dysprosium zitsulo Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungira maginito-optical yokhala ndi liwiro lojambulira komanso chidwi chowerenga.
(5) Pokonzekera nyali za dysprosium, chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyali za dysprosium ndi dysprosium iodide. Nyali yamtunduwu ili ndi ubwino monga kuwala kwakukulu, mtundu wabwino, kutentha kwamtundu wapamwamba, kukula kochepa, ndi arc yokhazikika. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lowunikira mafilimu, kusindikiza, ndi ntchito zina zowunikira.
(6) Chifukwa cha gawo lalikulu la nyutroni yogwidwa ndi gawo la dysprosium element, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga mphamvu ya atomiki kuyeza mawonekedwe a nyutroni kapena ngati chotengera nyutroni.
(7) Dy3Al5O12 angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati maginito ntchito zinthu maginito firiji. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, magawo ogwiritsira ntchito dysprosium apitiliza kukula ndikukula.
(8) Dysprosium compound nanofibers ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso malo apamwamba, kotero angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulimbikitsa zipangizo zina kapena monga chothandizira. Kutenthetsa njira yamadzimadzi ya DyBr3 ndi NaF pa 450 bar pressure kwa maola 17 mpaka 450 ° C kungapangitse ulusi wa dysprosium fluoride. Izi zitha kukhala munjira zosiyanasiyana zamadzi kwa maola opitilira 100 popanda kusungunuka kapena kuphatikiza pa kutentha kopitilira 400 ° C.
(9) Mafiriji otenthetsera kutentha kwa demagnetization amagwiritsa ntchito makristasi amchere a paramagnetic dysprosium, kuphatikiza dysprosium gallium garnet (DGG), dysprosium aluminium garnet (DAG), ndi dysprosium iron garnet (DyIG).
(10) Dysprosium cadmium oxide gulu element mankhwala ndi infuraredi ma radiation magwero omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito powerenga kachitidwe ka mankhwala. Dysprosium ndi mankhwala ake ali ndi mphamvu ya maginito, kuwapangitsa kukhala othandiza pazida zosungiramo deta monga ma hard drive.
(11) Mbali ya neodymium ya neodymium iron boron maginito imatha kusinthidwa ndi dysprosium kuti iwonjezere kukakamiza ndikuwongolera kutentha kwa maginito. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulogalamu omwe ali ndi zofunikira zogwira ntchito kwambiri monga ma mota amagetsi oyendetsa galimoto. Magalimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maginito amtunduwu amatha kukhala ndi magalamu 100 a dysprosium pagalimoto iliyonse. Malinga ndi kugulitsa kwapachaka kwa Toyota kwa magalimoto okwana 2 miliyoni, posachedwa kuwononga chitsulo cha dysprosium padziko lonse lapansi. Maginito omwe amasinthidwa ndi dysprosium amakhalanso ndi kukana kwambiri kwa dzimbiri.
(12) Mankhwala a Dysprosium angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chothandizira pakuyenga mafuta ndi mafakitale a mankhwala. Ngati dysprosium iwonjezeredwa ngati chothandizira chothandizira mu ferrioxide ammonia synthesis catalyst, chothandizira chothandizira komanso kukana kutentha kwa chothandizira chikhoza kukhala bwino. Dysprosium oxide ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapamwamba la dielectric ceramic ceramic component, lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe a Mg0-Ba0-Dy0n-Ti02, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira ma dielectric resonator, zosefera za dielectric, dielectric diplexers, ndi zida zoyankhulirana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-23-2023