Chinthu chamatsenga kwambiri: holmium

Holmium, Atomiki nambala 67, atomiki kulemera 164.93032, dzina la chinthu kuchokera ku malo ochokera ku Kuchokera komwe ukuchokerako.

Zomwe ziliHolmiumMu kutumphuka ndi 0.000115%, ndipo ili ndi zinazinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansiKu Monazi ndi michere ya padziko lapansi. Inofope yachilengedwe yachilengedwe ndiyo yokha ya Holmium 165.

Holmium ndi yokhazikika mu mpweya wowuma ndi maakichinde mwachangu pamatenthedwe kwambiri;Holmium oxideamadziwika kuti ali ndi mphamvu yolimba kwambiri ya paramagnetic.

Holmium yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zowonjezera pazinthu zatsopano za Ferromagnetic; Holmium Iodides amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga nyali zachitsulo -nyali za Holmium, ndipo Holmium Lasers amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pamankhwala.

Kupeza Mbiri

Kuzindikira: JL soret, PT CEMB

Adapezeka kuyambira 1878 mpaka 1879

Njira Zopezedwa: Kupezeka ndi JL Soret mu 1878; Kupezeka ndi PT Cluve mu 1879

Pambuyo pa MOssander Wolekanitsidwa Erbium Dziko lapansi ndimnyangaDziko lapansiYNTriumDziko lapansi mu 1842, anthu ambiri amamkonda ankagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a ziwonetsero kuti azindikire ndikudziwa kuti sanali oyera okonzeka a chinthu, zomwe zidalimbikitsa acists kuti apitilize kuzidzilekanitsa. Pambuyo kulekanitsa pterbium oxide ndiscandaum oxideKuchokera ku nyambo ya oxidid, thanthweli adalekanitsa anthu ambiri otsatsa mu 1879 Mu 1886, chinthu chinanso china chopatulidwa ndi Holmibadrand, koma dzina la Holmium lidasungidwa. Popezeka ndi Holmium ndi zina zapadziko lapansi zina, gawo lina lachitatu lomwe latsala

Masanjidwe apakompyuta:

Masanjidwe apakompyuta:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 4s2 3D10 4p6 5s2 4D10 5p6 4p2

Ndi chitsulo chakuti, monga dysprium, amatha kuyamwa ma netrons opangidwa ndi chitetezo cha nyukiliya.

Mu rikitala ya nyukiliya, pa dzanja limodzi, kusapitirira kumachitika, ndipo mbali inayo, liwiro la teani limayendetsedwa.

Mafotokozedwe a chinthu: Mphamvu zoyambirira zamagetsi ndi 6.02 Entractron Volts. Ali ndi chimbudzi. Imatha kuyamwa pang'onopang'ono ndi madzi ndikusungunuka pakuchepetsa acid. Mchere ndi wachikasu. Oxide Ho2o2 ndi wobiriwira. Sungunulani mu ma acid acid kuti apange mchere wachikasu wachikasu.

Gwero la Desic: Wopangidwa ndi kuchepetsa Holmium Fluoride Hof3 · 2h2o ndi calcium.

Chitsulo

Holmium ndi chitsulo choyera choyera ndi mawonekedwe ofewa ndi duwa; Kusungunuka 1474 ° C, kuwiritsa mpaka 2695 ° C, kachulukidwe 8.7947 g / cm hollium meter ³.

Holmium ndi yokhazikika mu mpweya wowuma ndi maakichinde mwachangu pamatenthedwe kwambiri; Holmium oxide amadziwika kuti ali ndi mphamvu yolimba kwambiri ya paramagnetic.

Kupeza mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zowonjezera pazinthu zatsopano za Ferromagnetic; Holmium Iodide Yogwiritsa Ntchito Zitsulo Zazitsulo Kumanja - nyali

Karata yanchito

. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito kofunikira ndi dziko lapansi lozungulira iodide, lomwe limapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana nthawi yotulutsa mpweya. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyali za Holmium ndi Holmium iodide, zomwe zimatha kukwanitsa ma atomu achitsulo ku ARC Kune, kukonza kwambiri ma radiation.

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. Chifukwa chake mukamagwiritsa ntchito ho: ya sag ya opaleshoni yamankhwala, osati zochititsa manyazi komanso kulondola kwanuko singasinthidwe, komanso malo owonongeka a matenthedwe amatha kuchepetsedwa kukhala kukula. Mtengo waulere wopangidwa ndi makristali a Holmium amatha kuchotsa mafuta osapanga kutentha kwambiri, potero kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta kukhala athanzi. Amanenedwa kuti Holmium Laser chithandizo cha Glaucoma ku United States kumatha kuchepetsa ululu wa odwala omwe akuchitidwa opaleshoni. China 2 μ mlingo wa mluza wafika pa mayiko, ndipo zoyesayesa ziyenera kupangidwa ndikupanga mtundu wa laser.

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. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zamankhwala a Holidachium Larser Lithtripsy, ulusi wowotchera wa Holmium laser umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti afike pa chikhodzodzo, ureter, ndi miyala ya impso ndi ureter kudzera pa cystoscope ndi ureterroscope. Kenako, akatswiri a urology akamabisalira a Holmium lalmium kuti athyole miyala. Ubwino wa njira ya Hollium ya Hollium iyi ndikuti imatha kuthana ndi miyala ya utsogoleri, miyala ya chikhodzodzo, ndi ambiri a miyala impso. Zoyipazo ndikuti kwa miyala ina yaimpso kumtunda, pakhoza kukhala miyala yocheperako chifukwa cholephera kwa a Holmium Laser Sharten kuti afikire malo amwala.