Praseymiumndi gawo lachitatu la Lantanceum, YNTrium,Lanthanum, ndiposinandium. Ndi chinthu chachisanu chochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Koma monga dzina lake,Praseymiumndi membala wosavuta ndi wosakhazikika wa banja la anthu wamba padziko lapansi.
CF Auer Von Welsbach adapeza Prasoodmium mu 1885.
Mu 1751, Sweden Mineralogist Axel Fredrik Conscert atchera mchere wa Bastn Ä, zomwe pambuyo pake zidatchedwa Marter. Zaka makumi atatu pambuyo pake, zaka khumi ndi zisanu zochokera kwa banja lake yemwe anali ndi mgodi wake adatumiza zitsanzo zake ku Carl Screele, koma sanadziwe zinthu zatsopano. Mu 1803, woimbayo atakhala wakuda, adabwereranso ku migodi ndi J Ös Jacob Berzulius ndikulekanitsa anthu ozizira, omwe adapeza zaka ziwiri zapitazo. Criaia adadzilekanitsidwa payekha ndi Martin Heinrich klangoth ku Germany.
Pakati pa 1839 ndi 1843, dokotala waku Sweden ndi Caml Carl Gusl Gusl Gunsafs adazindikira kutiCerium Oxideanali osakanikirana ndi oxides. Analekanitsa anthu ena awiri, omwe adatcha Lanthana ndi Doyna "Doymia" (kutanthauza "mapasa" m'Chigiriki). Iye amawola pang'onoCrium nitrateMwachitsanzo poziziritsa mlengalenga, kenako zimamuchitira ndi kuchepa kwa nitric acidi acid kuti o oxide alandire. Zitsulo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti oxissis awa atchulidwaLanthanumndiPraseymium.
Mu 1885, CF Auer von Welsbach, yemwe adapanga chivundikiro cha Thizi Chaurcher, omwe amapatukana bwino kwambiri. Wina amatchedwa "Praseodymium", yomwe imachokera ku Liwu Lachigiriki la Prason, lophika lobiriwira chifukwa njira ya Prageymium madzi amchere imabweretsa mtundu wobiriwira; Chinthu chinacho chimatchedwa "Newdyoum". Kulekanitsidwa bwino kwa "mapasa olumikizidwa" kuwathandiza kuti awonetse maluso awo pawokha.
Chitsulo choyera, chofewa komanso chofewa. PrageyModymium ili ndi mawonekedwe a hexianal mawonekedwe firiji. Kutsutsa kwa mpweya kumakhala kolimba kuposa ku Lanthanum, Centum, Nentonmium, ndipo atavala mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atawoneka kuti ndi mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atavala mpweya, koma atakulungidwa
Monga ambirizinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi, Praseodymium nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanga makuti + atatu oxidation, omwe ndi okhawo omwe ali mumiyeso yamadzi. Pracedymium ilipo mu ma okomation a Praededmium alipo pamankhwala ena odziwika, komanso pansi pa kupatuka kwa matrox, imatha kufikira malo apadera a matidation + 5 oxidation pakati pa zinthu za Lantanide.
Kudzikuza kuzama kwa zombolizi ku Ion ndi kufupikirako, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ambiri kwa Praseymium kumaphatikizapo kuchepa kwake kungosefa kuwala kwachikaso.
Prageymium pakompyuta
Mpweya wamagetsi:
1S2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3s2 3s2 3D10 4p6 5s2 4D10 5p66S2 4p3
Ma elekitikiti 59 a Praseymium amakonzedwa ngati [XE] 4F36S2. Mwachidziwikire, ma elekitoni onse asanu akunja amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma valectron, koma kugwiritsa ntchito ma elekitole onse asanu akunja kumafunikira zinthu zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, Prasedymium imangotulutsa ma elekitoni atatu kapena anayi m'malo mwake. Prageymium ndiye gawo loyamba la Lantanide ndi kasinthidwe kakompyuta komwe kamagwirizanitsa kwa a Aufbau mfundo. Ake 4f kapena magetsi otsika kuposa 5d arbital, omwe samagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Lanthanum ndi Certium, chifukwa kuphatikizika kwa 4f sikupezeka mpaka pa chipolopolo cha 5d ku Crium. Komabe, zolimba za Prasedymium zimawonetsa [XE] 4f25d16
Monga zinthu zambiri za Lantanide, Prasedymium nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitoni atatu okha monga ma elekitron, ndipo chifukwa chakuti 4f ndi 6s ndi 6s, ndikuwonjezeka Komabe, Prasowymium ikhoza kupitiliza kutaya wachinayi ndipo nthawi yachisanu valemron, chifukwa imapezeka molawirira kwambiri ku Lantanide dongosolo lokwanira, ndipo ndalama za nyukiliya zimakhala zotsika kwambiri kuti zitsimikizidwe zokwanira ku Valence Electron.
Prageymium ndi zinthu zonse za Lantanide (kupatulaLanthanum, yterbiumndilutetium, palibe ma elekitoni osagawika 4f) ndi paramagnetism pa kutentha kwa firiji. Mosiyana ndi zitsulo zina zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zikuwonetsa dongosolo la antiferomagnetic kapena ferrodrodymizi pa kutentha pang'ono, PrasonMalmium ndi paramagnetim pamatenthedwe onse pamwamba pa 1k
Kugwiritsa ntchito Pragesoodmium
Praceodymium imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati dziko loipa kwambiri, monga kutsuka ndi kusamutsa kwa zitsulo, zopereka zamankhwala, zapamwamba kwambiri, ndi zina zotero.Prageedymium Nedymiumndizofanana komanso zovuta kuzipatula zina zapadziko lapansi, zomwe ndizovuta kupatukana ndi njira zamankhwala. Kupanga mafakitale nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito pochotsa ndi njira za ion. Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito awiriawiri mu mawonekedwe a Pragesodymium Newsmium, zofananira zawo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwathunthu, ndipo mtengo wake umakhalanso wotsika mtengo umodzi.
Prageewymium Newdymium Aloy(Prageymium Newdymium Chitsulo)wakhala chinthu chodziyimira pawokha, chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zosakhazikika komanso zowonjezera zomwe sizikuwonjezera zitsulo zosafala. Ntchitoyi, kusanza ndi kukhazikika kwa mafuta osokoneza bongo kumatha kusintha powonjezera prageodymium Newdymium kukhala sielecular side. Monga chowonjezera cha pulasitiki chowonjezera, kuwonjezera Prageodymium Nedymium Kupindulitsa kwa polytetrafluornleathylene (PTF) amatha kusintha momwe mungavalire kuvala PTF.
Dziko lapansiZipangizo zamagetsi zosatha ndi gawo lotchuka kwambiri lazomwe amagwiritsa ntchito padziko lapansi masiku ano. Prasedymium Yekha silabwino kwambiri ngati zinthu zosakhazikika, koma ndichinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe chimatha kusintha maginito. Kuwonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kwa Pragesowymium kumatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito a maginito osatha. Zimathandizanso kukonza kwa antioxidant magwiridwe antchito (kuwononga mpweya ku mafuko) ndi makina amatsenga, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana amagetsi ndi moto.
PrageyModymium imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pogaya komanso kupukuta zida. Monga tonse tikudziwa, ufa wa cerium wokhazikika nthawi zambiri umawoneka wachikaso, womwe ndi zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri zopukutira masamba owoneka bwino, ndipo wasintha ufa wofiirira wa chitsulo wofiyira womwe umakhala ndi zopanga zotsika. Anthu apeza kuti Praseodymium ali ndi katundu wabwino popukutira. Kupukuta kwapadziko lapansi komwe kumakhala ndi Pragesowymium kumawonekeranso zofiirira, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti "ufa wofiira", koma chifukwa cha mtundu wa Pragehommium, koma chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa Oxide ofiira, koma chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa okradel PrageyModymium yakhala ikugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zinthu zatsopano zokupatsani mawilo opera okhala ndi Prage Srageymium. Poyerekeza ndi zoyera za alumina, kuchita bwino ndi kukhazikika kumatha kusinthika kupitirira 30% pakupera chitsulo cha kaboni, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kwambiri. Pofuna kuchepetsa mtengo, rasonMaone chivindikiro zida zopanduka nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zopangira m'mbuyomu, chifukwa chake ndiye dzina lopanga nedymemuum Cordum Cordum Cordum.
Ma scals makristals omwe amapezeka ndi Prageymium ions amagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono pamapulogalamu mpaka mazana angapo metres pawiri.
Powonjezera prasedymium oxide ku zirconium sileterium idzasandulika chikasu chowala ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati utoto wa ceramic - prasedymium chikasu. Praseymeymium wachikasu (ZR02-PREME-SI02) amadziwika kuti ndi khungu labwino kwambiri la chikasu, lomwe limakhalabe mpaka 1000 ℃ ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi imodzi kapena kubweza.
Praseymium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati galasi lagalasi, yokhala ndi mitundu yolemera komanso msika wabwino. Prageymium Green galasi lobiriwira lobiriwira lobiriwira ndipo mitundu yobiriwira yobiriwira imatha kupangidwa, yomwe imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zosefera zobiriwira komanso magalasi aluso. Powonjezera prageymium oxide ndi cerium oxide kwagalasi akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magalasi owotcherera. Prageymium sulfide imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati colorant pulasitiki.
Post Nthawi: Meyi-29-2023