Mnyangandi gulu la zolemeradziko lapansi, wokhala ndi zochulukirapo padziko lapansi pa 1,1 ppm okha. Maakaunti a Terbium oxide ochepera 0,01% ya zinthu zonse zapamwamba. Ngakhale mu ytrium ion mtundu wolemera kwambiri padziko lapansi wocheperako. Kwa zaka zopitilira 100 kuchokera kupezeka kwa Thrium mu 1843, kuchepa kwake ndi phindu lalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndi zaka 30 zapitazi zokha zomwe Terbium wasonyeza luso lake lapadera.
Kupeza Mbiri
Katswiri wa Chipwirikiti wa Sweden Gustaf Gustafs Atander adazindikira Thbium mu 1843. Adapeza zodetsaYNTRIum (III) OxidendiY2o3. Yyttrium amatchedwa m'mudzi wa YTERRYAN ku Sweden. Pamaso paukadatuluka kwa ion Kusinthana Technology, Thrium sanatalikitsidwe ndi mawonekedwe ake oyera.
Yosaloge Yoyambirira Yogawika (III) Oxide m'magawo atatu, onse otchedwa Ores: YNerium (III) Oxide,Erbium (iii) oxide, ndi trbium oxide. Terbiamu oxide poyambirira anali opangidwa ndi pinki, chifukwa cha chinthu chomwe chimadziwika kuti erbium. "Erbium (iii) oxide" (kuphatikiza zomwe tikuyitanitsa Terbium) anali gawo lopanda utoto mu yankho. Oxide yopanda infwaleble ya chinthu ichi imawerengedwa bulauni.
Pambuyo pake antchito satha kuwona kuti "Erbium (III (III) oxide", koma gawo la osungunuka lingasanyalanyaze. Kutsutsana ndi kupezeka kwa Erbium (III) Oxide kwabuka mobwerezabwereza. Mu chisokonezo, dzina loyambirira lidasinthidwa ndipo kusinthana kwamayi mayina kunali kokhazikika, kotero gawo la pinki lidawerengedwa ngati yankho lothekera ngati ebichi (mu yankho, linali lapinki). Tsopano amakhulupilira kuti ogwira ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sodium bisuulfate kapena potaziyamu sulfate kutengaCeum (iv) oxideKuchokera mwa yttrium (III) oxide ndi mosazindikira Terbium kukhala matope okhala ndi cerium. Pafupifupi 1% yokha ya Y Wiium (III) oxide, yomwe imadziwika kuti "Terbium", ndiyokwanira kupatsa utoto wachikasu kwa oxide. Chifukwa chake, Trebiami ndi gawo lachiwiri lomwe poyamba linali lidalili, ndipo limawongoleredwa ndi oyandikana nawo, gadolinium ndi dysprium.
Pambuyo pake, nthawi zonse zinthu zina zamitundu ina padziko lapansi zinalekanitsidwa ndi kusakaniza uku, mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kumeneku, mosasamala za kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe, dzina la Thrium lidasungidwa mpaka kumapeto, ma brown Brown adapezeka m'malo abwino. Ofufuza m'zaka za m'ma 1900 sanagwiritse ntchito ultraviolet ultorescence technology kuti usayang'ane ma touni achikasu kapena obiriwira (III), ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa Terbium kuti zizindikiridwe mu zosakanikirana kapena mayankho.
Kusintha kwa Electron
Kusintha kwa Electron:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3D10 4p6 5s20 5p6 4p2
Kusintha kwa ma electron kwa Thrium ndi [XE] 6S24F9. Nthawi zambiri, ma eyakiti atatu okha ndi omwe amatha kuchotsedwa msonkho wa nyukiliya usanayambe kuphatikizidwanso, koma pankhani ya Thbium, mitu yodzala ndi terbium yomwe ingayambitsenso ma elekitoni achinayi ngati mafuta anzeru.
Terbium ndi chitsulo choyera cha siliva choyera cha siliva wokhala ndi duckity, kulimba, ndi zofewa zomwe zingadulidwe ndi mpeni. Malo osungunuka 1360 ℃, owira mtima 3123 ℃, kachulukidwe 8229 4kg / m3. Poyerekeza ndi Lantanide koyambirira, imakhala yokhazikika mlengalenga. Monga chinthu chachisanu ndi chinayi cha Lantanide, Thrium ndi chitsulo ndi magetsi amphamvu. Imachita ndi madzi kuti apange haidrojeni.
Mwachilengedwe, Thrbium sanapezekenso kwaulere, gawo laling'ono lomwe lilipo ku Phoscorium Trium ndi GASLOLAM. Terbichis oyang'anira ma terbium okhala ndi mchenga wina wapadziko lapansi, ndi zinthu za Terbium. Magwero ena ndi Xenotime ndi Black Syrel Ores, onse omwe ali osakanizika a oxides ndipo amakhala ndi 1% tribeum.
Karata yanchito
Kugwiritsa ntchito Thbium makamaka kumaphatikizapo minda yayitali, yomwe yamate ukadaulo ndi chidziwitso chokwanira kwambiri, komanso ma projekiti omwe ali ndi phindu la chuma, ndi ziyembekezo zabwino.
Madera akuluakulu amagwiritsa ntchito:
(1) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wapansi panthaka ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zaulimi.
. Zipangizo zamakono za optoectronic zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu ya maphoshors, kufiira, zobiriwira, komanso buluu, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo Thrium ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'matumba ambiri obiriwira ambiri obiriwira.
(3) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zamatsenga zosungira. Amorphous Merbium Terbium Transtium transtition azitsulo aloya opyapseza adagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magneti apamwamba-othamanga.
(4) Opanga Magalasi a Magnto Op. Magalasi a Faraday Rutary Oftiamu ndi nkhani yofunika pakupanga oziwola, ayolunjika, ndi ozunguliridwa muukadaulo wa laser.
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Mwaulimi ndi zowonera nyama
Dziko lapansi lamchere limatha kukonza mbewu zabwino ndikuwonjezera photosynthesis mkati mwa malo ena. Mitundu ya terbium imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri zachilengedwe. Mitundu ya Ternary ya Thbium, TB (Ala) 3Benim (Clo4) 3 · 32) Ali ndi ma antibacterial antibacterial wopondera. Kuphunzira zamitundu yotere kumapereka njira yatsopano yothandizira mankhwalawa a bactericidal.
Ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa kuwala
Zipangizo zamakono za optoectronic zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu ya maphoshors, kufiira, zobiriwira, komanso buluu, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo Thrium ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'matumba ambiri obiriwira ambiri obiriwira. Ngati kubadwa kwa nyama yaimphukira kwambiri ngati ma fluorescent uwder ndi ma europium, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Thbium komwe kwakhala koyenera kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 1980, mafilipo adapanga nyali yoyamba yonyamula mphamvu yosungirako padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mwachangu idawalimbikitsa padziko lonse lapansi. TB3 + ion imatha kutulutsa kuwala kobiriwira ndi chiyembekezo cha 545nm, ndipo pafupifupi anthu onse obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira amagwiritsa ntchito Thbium monga woyambitsa.
Phokoso lobiriwira la TV ya TV ya TV ya TV ya TV Ndi chitukuko cha televizioni yapamwamba kwambiri (HDTV), magwiridwe antchito obiriwira obiriwira a ma certs akupangidwanso. Mwachitsanzo.
Mkhalidwe wa X-ray fluorescent ufa ndi calcium tempstate. Mu ma 1970 ndi 1980s, phossors phoshors zokulirapo, monga Terbium adayambitsa Sulfur Lanthanum Lanthanum Lanthadium Oxide, Kuchepetsa kwa X-ray kwa odwala 80%, kukonza mafilimu a X-ray, kukulitsa machubu a X-ray, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Terbium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zowonjezera za fluorescent activen ya ma e-ray, zomwe zingathandize kutembenuka kwa mafilimu a X-ray, ndipo amachepetsa chida cha X-ray ku thupi laumunthu (pofika 50%).
Terbium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati oyendetsa mu photophor phosphor phosphor phosphor photophror yosangalatsa ndi kuwala kwa buluu kwa selunduor yatsopano yatsopano. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga terbinium aluminium magnetto Optocars, pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa buluu kukhala magwero osangalatsa, ndipo ma verores opanga amasakanikirana ndikuwunikira koyera koyera.
Zida zamagetsi zopangidwa ndi Terbium makamaka zimaphatikizapo zinc sulfide grosh phosphor ndi terbium monga oyambitsa. Pansi pa ultraviolet irradiation, opangira zilombo za terbium amatha kutulutsa bwino bwino kwambiri ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafilimu owonda. Ngakhale kuti zikuyenda bwino kwambiri pakuwerengera dziko lapansi zanyama za Erselfiniinescent ya Entracturescent, pali kusiyana kwakukulu komwe, ndikufufuza komwe mafilimu owonda ovuta ndi zida aliri akuya.
Makhalidwe a fluoresiscence a Thbium amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati flurescence mafinya. Mwachitsanzo, Ofloxacin Thbium (TB3 +) rooreorescence probe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira kuyanjana pakati pa alloxacin TBMY, ndipo DNA imatha kupititsa patsogolo ma molekyulu a DNA Makina a Ofloxacin TB3 +. Kutengera ndi kusintha kumeneku, DNA ikhoza kutsimikizika.
Kwa magneto optical zida
Zipangizo zokhala ndi Faraday mphamvu, zimadziwikanso kuti maginito a Magnetic, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Lasers ndi zida zina zowoneka bwino. Pali mitundu iwiri yodziwika ya magome a Magneto Optical: Magneto Optablers ndi Magneto Op. Pakati pawo, makristo am'madzi (monga Jtttraum Farpor Add ndi Terbium Gallium Adnet) ali ndi maubwino osinthika osinthika, koma ndi okwera mtengo komanso ovuta kupanga. Kuphatikiza apo, makristo ambiri owoneka bwino okhala ndi ma faraday aretaday amakhala ndi mayamwidwe pang'ono pamtunda waufupi, omwe amalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito. Poyerekeza ndi magneto optabs, magneto optical galasi limakhala ndi mwayi wopatsa mphamvu kwambiri ndipo ndikosavuta kupangidwa kukhala zigawo zazikulu kapena ulusi. Pakadali pano, magalasi owoneka bwino okhala ndi faraday zotsatira zake zimakhala zowoneka bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi ion.
Ogwiritsidwa ntchito posungira magneti
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndikukula mwachangu kwa ma muyezo wa multimedia ndi ofesi ya maofesi, zomwe zimafunikira maginito atsopano apamwamba kwambiri. Amorphous chitsulo Terbium transtion transtition azitsulo zachitsulo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magnetto apamwamba kwambiri. Pakati pawo, filimu ya TBFOCO yopyapyala ili ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Zipangizo zamagetsi za Terbium zochokera ku Terbium zimapangidwa pamlingo waukulu, ndipo magnetic discs opangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magawo osungira makompyuta, omwe ali ndi nthawi yosungirako nthawi 10-15. Amakhala ndi maubwino ambiri otha kugwira ntchito komanso kuthamanga mwachangu, ndipo amatha kupukuta ndikukutira nthawi masauzande ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma disc. Ndi zinthu zofunika pakusungiratu kwaukadaulo zamagetsi. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri - zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka pafupi ndi Terbium Gallium Garnet (TG)
Kwa Magneto Optical Galasi
Faraday Magneto Optical Galasi yabwino imakhala yabwino kwambiri komanso isotropy mu zigawo zowoneka komanso zophatikizika, ndipo zimatha kupanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Ndikosavuta kutulutsa zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndipo zimatha kukokedwa m'matumba owala. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi chiyembekezo chothandiza pakugwiritsa ntchito magneto optical ovemoc, magneto opticators, ndi ulusi wa fiber. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwa maginetino komanso kuyamwa pang'ono powonekera ndi kufalikira, TB3 + ions nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi m'magalasi owala a Magnto.
Terbium Dysprium Ferromagnetrictrive Iloy
Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, ndi zozama za dziko lasayansi komanso laukadaulo, dziko latsopano lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito zida zikutuluka mwachangu. Mu 1984, Iowa State University of the United States, ames labotale ya Dipatimenti ya United States of the United States (et Remiams a United States) Zinthu zatsopanozi zanzeru ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri otembenukira mphamvu kumagetsi kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Pansi pa madzi ndi elecoutic makompyuta opangidwa ndi maginito akulu akuluakulu apangidwa bwino mu zida zankhondo, ojambula bwino mafuta, phokoso ndi kusinthika kwa Nyengo ndi njira zolumikizirana mobisa. Chifukwa chake, ukangofika kachilombo ka ThymoOOSOIM Iron Chitsulo Gyspoost zinthu zidabadwa, lidalandira chidwi chonse ndi mayiko otukuka padziko lonse lapansi. Tekinoloji yamphepete mwa United States idayamba kupanga zida zazikulu zam'madzi zazikulu mu 1989 ndipo adawatcha kuti Sweden, Russia adapanganso ma tchesi achitsulo.
Kuyambira m'mbiri yakutukuka kwa nkhaniyi ku United States, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthuzo komanso ntchito zoyambirira za monopololist zikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi makampani ankhondo (monga Navy). Ngakhale madipati ankhondo a China komanso chitetezo amalimbikitsa pang'onopang'ono kumvetsetsa kwawo nkhaniyi. Komabe, mphamvu zokwanira ku China zitakulirakulira, zofunikira zopezera mpikisano wampikisano m'zaka za zana la 21 ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa zida zidzafunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito kofala kwa trbium dysporoodium iron zida zazikulu zamatsenga ndi madipatimenti oteteza ankhondo ndi mayiko azikhala zofunika kwambiri.
Mwachidule. Komabe, chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera wa Thrium, anthu akhala akuphunzira momwe angapewere ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito terbium kuti muchepetse ndalama zopangira. Mwachitsanzo, zida zapadziko lapansi zam'madzi zam'madzi ziyeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito cobalt yotsika mtengo kapena gadolinium tromboum cobal cobat momwe mungathere; Yesani kuchepetsa zomwe zili mu Thbium mu wobiriwira fluorescent ufa womwe uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtengo wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kugwiritsira ntchito Thbium yofala. Koma zida zambiri zogwirira ntchito sizingachite popanda izi, chifukwa chake tiyenera kutsatira mfundo ya "pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha" ndikuyesa kupulumutsa kugwiritsa ntchito Thbium momwe tingathere.
Post Nthawi: Jul-05-2023