MnyangaAli m'gulu la anthu okhala ndi anthu olemera kwambiri, okhala ndi zochulukirapo padziko lapansi pa 1,1 ppm okha.Terbium oxideMaakaunti ochepera 0,01% ya dziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale mu ytrium ion mtundu wolemera kwambiri wokwera kwambiri wokhala ndi zochulukirapo za terbium, zomwe zimakhala ndi maakaunti a 1.1-1.2% yonsedziko lapansi, kuwonetsa kuti ndi gulu la "mkhalidwe" wadziko lapansizinthu. Kwa zaka zopitilira 100 kuchokera kupezeka kwa Thrium mu 1843, kuchepa kwake ndi phindu lalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndi zaka 30 zapitazimnyangawawonetsa luso lake lapadera.
Kupeza Mbiri
Katswiri wa Chipwirikiti wa Sweden wa Swedl Gunsaffs adazindikira Thbium mu 1843. Adapeza zodetsa zakeYTTRIAM OXIDndiY2o3. YNTriumamatchedwa m'mudzi wa Iwen. Pamaso paukadatuluka kwa ion Kusinthana Technology, Thrium sanatalikitsidwe ndi mawonekedwe ake oyera.
MOSSANDER woyamba adagawikaYTTRIAM OXIDm'magawo atatu, onse otchedwa Ores:YTTRIAM OXID, Erbium oxide, ndipoTerbium oxide. Terbium oxideadapangidwa kale ndi gawo la pinki, chifukwa cha gawo lomwe tsopano limadziwika kutiErbium. Erbium oxide(kuphatikiza zomwe tsopano tikuyitanitsa Terbium) anali gawo lopanda utoto. Oxide yopanda infwaleble ya chinthu ichi imawerengedwa bulauni.
Pambuyo pake ogwira ntchito adaziona kuti ndizovuta kuwona zopanda pake "Erbium oxide", Koma gawo losungunuka la pinki silinganyalanyazidwe. Kutsutsana KoposaErbium oxidewatuluka mobwerezabwereza. Mu chisokonezo, dzina loyambirira lidasinthidwa ndipo kusinthana kwamayi mayina kunali kokhazikika, kotero gawo la pinki lidawerengedwa ngati yankho lothekera ngati ebichi (mu yankho, linali lapinki). Tsopano amakhulupirira kuti ogwira ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sodium disulfide kapena potaziyamu sulfate kuti achotse ceum dioxide kuchokeraYTTRIAM OXIDKutembenuka mosazindikiramnyangamu cerwaum wokhala ndi mpweya. Amadziwika kuti ndi 'mnyanga', pafupifupi 1% yoyambiriraYTTRIAM OXIDilipo, koma izi ndizokwanira kufalitsa mtundu wachikasuYTTRIAM OXID. Chonchomnyangandi gawo lachiwiri lomwe poyamba linali lidalili, ndipo limawongoleredwa ndi oyandikana nawo,gadoliniumndiDysprium.
Pambuyo pake, nthawi iliyonsedziko lapansiZinthu zinalekanitsidwa ndi kusakaniza uku, mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa omwe oxide, dzina la Terbium lidasungidwa mpaka kumapeto, obiriwira a Brownmnyangaadapezeka mu mawonekedwe oyera. Ofufuza m'zaka za m'ma 1900 sanagwiritse ntchito ultraviolet ultorescence technology kuti usayang'ane ma touni achikasu kapena obiriwira (III), ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa Terbium kuti zizindikiridwe mu zosakanikirana kapena mayankho.
Kusintha kwa Electron
Masanjidwe apakompyuta:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3D10 4p6 5s20 5p6 4p2
Makonzedwe apakompyuta amnyangandi [XE] 6S24F9. Nthawi zambiri, ma eyakiti atatu okha ndi omwe amatha kuchotsedwa msonkho wa nyukiliya usanayambe kuchuluka kwambiri kuti apitilize. Komabe, pankhani yamnyanga, semi idadzazidwamnyangaImalola kuti iyoniza isanu ya elekiti yachinayi pamaso pa oxidant yamphamvu kwambiri monga mafuta a fluorine.
Chitsulo
Mnyangandi chitsulo choyera choyera cha siliva ndi duckitic, kulimba, ndi zofewa zomwe zingadulidwe ndi mpeni. Malo osungunuka 1360 ℃, owira mtima 3123 ℃, kachulukidwe 8229 4kg / m3. Poyerekeza ndi zinthu zoyambirira za Lantanide, ndizokhazikika mlengalenga. Cisanu ndi cinayinti ya zinthu za Lantanide, Thrium, ndi chitsulo cholipidwa chomwe chimagwira ndi madzi kuti apange mpweya wa hydrogen.
Mwachilengedwe,mnyangaSanapezekepo gawo laulere, lilipo laling'ono mu phosphous cehom Trium Trium ndi Silicon Beryllium Ytre.MnyangaOgwirizana ndi zinthu zina zapadziko lapansi zapadziko lapansi mu monziya, zomwe zimapezeka pafupifupi 0,03%. Zoyambitsa zina zimaphatikizapo Y WiSphate ndi golide wapadziko lapansi, onse omwe ali osakanizika a oxides omwe ali ndi 1% tribeum.
Karata yanchito
Kugwiritsa ntchitomnyangaNthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo minda yayitali, yomwe ukadaulo ndi ukadaulo womwe ndi wodziwa ntchito zodulira, komanso mapulojekiti omwe ali ndi phindu la chuma, ndi ziyembekezo zabwino.
Madera akuluakulu amagwiritsa ntchito:
(1) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wapansi panthaka ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zaulimi.
. Zipangizo zamakono za optoectronic zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu ya maphoshors, kufiira, zobiriwira, komanso buluu, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndimnyangandi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'matumba ambiri obiriwira apamwamba kwambiri.
(3) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zamatsenga zosungira. Amorphous Merbium Terbium Transtium transtition azitsulo a Aloya opyapyala adagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma dilesi othamanga kwambiri.
(4) Opanga Magalasi a Magnto Op. Magalasi a Faraday Rutary Oftiamu ndi nkhani yofunika pakupanga oziwola, ayolunjika, ndi ozunguliridwa muukadaulo wa laser.
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Mwaulimi ndi zowonera nyama
Dziko lapansimnyangaimatha kukonza mtundu wa mbewu ndikuwonjezera photosynthesis mkati mwa magawo ena. Magawo a Thrishium ali ndi ntchito yayikulu yachilengedwe, ndipo ma cell a cylyary amnyanga, TB Kuwerenga kwa mavidiyo kumapereka njira yatsopano yothandizira mankhwalawa a bactericidal.
Ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa kuwala
Zipangizo zamakono za optoectronic zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu ya maphoshors, kufiira, zobiriwira, komanso buluu, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo Thrium ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'matumba ambiri obiriwira ambiri obiriwira. Ngati kubadwa kwa mtundu wa TV TV TV TV ofiira a fluorescent paudaYNTriumndiEuropium, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ndi chitukuko cha Thbium kwalimbikitsidwa ndi dziko lapansi koopsa ngati utoto wobiriwira wobiriwira wa fluorescent ufa wa nyali. Kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 1980, mafilipo adapanga nyali yoyamba yonyamula mphamvu yosungirako padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mwachangu idawalimbikitsa padziko lonse lapansi. TB3 + ion imatha kutulutsa kuwala kobiriwira ndi chiyembekezo cha 545nm, ndipo pafupifupi anthu onse obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchitomnyanga, monga oyendetsa.
Ufa wobiriwira wa fluorescent womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito machubu a TV (ma certs) nthawi zonse amakhala ngati otsika mtengo komanso owoneka bwino kwambiri, koma y3 (al, ndi Laobe: TB3 +. Ndi chitukuko cha televizioni yapamwamba kwambiri (HDTV), magwiridwe antchito obiriwira obiriwira a ma certs akupangidwanso. Mwachitsanzo.
Mkhalidwe wa X-ray fluorescent ufa ndi calcium tempstate. Mu ma 1970 ndi 1980s, dziko lapansi la fluorescent u ducketion zojambula zamagetsi zidapangidwa, mongamnyanga, yogwirizira lanthanom sulfaide oxide, ma trbium adayendetsa Lanthanum Bromide (kwa zojambula zobiriwira), ndipo Terbium adayendetsa Yottium Oxide. Poyerekeza ndi capstate acstate, dziko lapansi la fluorescent ufa wa X-ray irradiation kwa mafilimu a X 80%, kukulitsa machubu a X-ray, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Terbium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zowonjezera za fluorescent activen ya ma e-ray, zomwe zingathandize kutembenuka kwa mafilimu a X-ray, ndipo amachepetsa chida cha X-ray ku thupi laumunthu (pofika 50%).
Mnyangaimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati oyendetsa mu photophor phosphor phosphor phosphor yosangalatsa ndi kuwala kwa buluu kwa seranduction yoyaka kwa semiconducy. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga Thbinium Aluminium Magneto Optocars Crysors, pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa Blue
Ma elekisimu opangidwa kuchokera ku Terbium makamaka amaphatikizapo zinc sulfide wobiriwira fluorescent ufa ndimnyangamonga oyendetsa. Pansi pa ultraviolet irradiation, opangira zilombo za terbium amatha kutulutsa bwino bwino kwambiri ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafilimu owonda. Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwambiri kwachitika pophunziradziko lapansiMafayilo oopsa a Entercutunescent, mafilimu ena othandiza, ndipo amafufuza padziko lapansi wamba, ndipo mafilimu opyapyala ochepa ndi zida ndikuyamba kuzama.
Makhalidwe a fluoresiscence a Thbium amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati flurescence mafinya. Kuyanjana pakati pa Ofloxacin Thbium (TB3 +) yovuta komanso deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) adaphunzitsidwa bwino acid ndi mayamwidwe, monga a fluorescence prober of aloxacin Thbium (TB3 +). Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti a Ofloxacin TB3 + ikhoza kupanga njira yoyang'anira ndi mamolekyulu opanga, ndipo deoxyribonucle ntys imatha kukulitsa fluorescence wa alloxacin tb3 +. Kutengera ndi kusintha kumeneku, deoxyribonucleic acid akhoza kutsimikizika.
Kwa magneto optical zida
Zipangizo zokhala ndi Faraday mphamvu, zimadziwikanso kuti maginito a Magnetic, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Lasers ndi zida zina zowoneka bwino. Pali mitundu iwiri yodziwika ya magome a Magneto Optical: Magneto Optablers ndi Magneto Op. Pakati pawo, makristo am'madzi (monga Jtttraum Farpor Add ndi Terbium Gallium Adnet) ali ndi maubwino osinthika osinthika, koma ndi okwera mtengo komanso ovuta kupanga. Kuphatikiza apo, makhiristo ambiri owoneka bwino okhala ndi ma faraday amasinthana a Faraday ali ndi mayamwidwe amtundu waufupi kwambiri, omwe amalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito. Poyerekeza ndi magneto optabs, magneto optical galasi limakhala ndi mwayi wopatsa mphamvu kwambiri ndipo ndikosavuta kupangidwa kukhala zigawo zazikulu kapena ulusi. Pakadali pano, magalasi owoneka bwino okhala ndi faraday zotsatira zake zimakhala zowoneka bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi ion.
Ogwiritsidwa ntchito posungira magneti
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndikukula mwachangu kwa ma muyezo wa multimedia ndi ofesi ya maofesi, zomwe zimafunikira maginito atsopano apamwamba kwambiri. Amorphous Merbium Terbium Transtium transtition azitsulo a Aloya opyapyala adagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma dilesi othamanga kwambiri. Pakati pawo, filimu ya TBFOCO yopyapyala ili ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Zipangizo zamagetsi za Terbium zochokera ku Terbium zimapangidwa pamlingo waukulu, ndipo magnetic discs opangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magawo osungira makompyuta, omwe ali ndi nthawi yosungirako nthawi 10-15. Amakhala ndi maubwino ambiri otha kugwira ntchito komanso kuthamanga mwachangu, ndipo amatha kupukuta ndikukutira nthawi masauzande ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma disc. Ndi zinthu zofunika pakusungiratu kwaukadaulo zamagetsi. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri - zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka pafupi ndi Terbium Gallium Garnet (TG)
Kwa Magneto Optical Galasi
Faraday Magneto Optical Galasi yabwino imakhala yabwino kwambiri komanso isotropy mu zigawo zowoneka komanso zophatikizika, ndipo zimatha kupanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Ndikosavuta kutulutsa zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndipo zimatha kukokedwa m'matumba owala. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi chiyembekezo chothandiza pakugwiritsa ntchito magneto optical ovemoc, magneto opticators, ndi ulusi wa fiber. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwa maginetino komanso kuyamwa pang'ono powonekera ndi kufalikira, TB3 + ions nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi m'magalasi owala a Magnto.
Terbium Dysprium Ferromagnetrictrive Iloy
Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, ndikukula mosalekeza kwa dziko laukadaulo, zida zatsopano zofunsira zinali zikuchitika mwachangu. Mu 1984, iowa State University, laboti la labotale ya dipatimenti yaku US imachitika, yomwe imadziwika kuti ikhale yopanga zinthu zatsopano zapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi zinthu zatsopano zapadziko lapansi. Zinthu zaluso zatsopanozi zili ndi machitidwe abwino kwambiri otembenuka bwino amasintha mphamvu m'makina. Pansi pa madzi ndi elecoutic makompyuta opangidwa ndi maginito akulu akuluakulu apangidwa bwino mu zida zankhondo, ojambula bwino mafuta, phokoso ndi kusinthika kwa Nyengo ndi njira zolumikizirana mobisa. Chifukwa chake, ukangofika kachilombo ka ThymoOOSOIM Iron Chitsulo Gyspoost zinthu zidabadwa, lidalandira chidwi chonse ndi mayiko otukuka padziko lonse lapansi. Tekinoloji yamphepete mwa United States idayamba kupanga zida zazikulu zam'madzi zazikulu mu 1989 ndipo adawatcha kuti Sweden, Russia adapanganso ma tchesi achitsulo.
Kuyambira m'mbiri yakutukuka kwa nkhaniyi ku United States, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthuzo komanso ntchito zoyambirira za monopololist zikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi makampani ankhondo (monga Navy). Ngakhale madipati ankhondo a China komanso chitetezo amalimbikitsa pang'onopang'ono kumvetsetsa kwawo nkhaniyi. Komabe. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito kofala kwa trbium dysporoodium iron zida zazikulu zamatsenga ndi madipatimenti oteteza ankhondo ndi mayiko azikhala zofunika kwambiri.
Mwachidule, ambiri abwino kwambiri amnyangaPangani kukhala membala wofunikira wa zinthu zambiri zogwirira ntchito ndi malo osafunikira mu magawo a ntchito. Komabe, chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera wa Thrium, anthu akhala akuphunzira momwe angapewere ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito terbium kuti muchepetse ndalama zopangira. Mwachitsanzo, dziko lapansi loipa la MagretoDYSPROSOIumcobalt kapena gadolinium trbium cobat momwe mungathere; Yesani kuchepetsa zomwe zili mu Thbium mu wobiriwira fluorescent ufa womwe uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtengo wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri choletsa kugwiritsa ntchitomnyanga. Koma zida zambiri zogwirira ntchito sizingachite popanda izi, chifukwa chake tiyenera kutsatira mfundo ya "pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo" ndikuyesera kupulumutsa kugwiritsa ntchitomnyangamomwe mungathere.
Post Nthawi: Oct-25-2023