1, mawu oyamba oyamba
Chinese dzina:Mphala, Dzina lachingerezi:Mphala, chizindikiro cha chinthuBa, atomiki nambala 56 patebulo la nthawi, ndi gulu la IIA la IIA Earth Alkalining Chitsulo ndi kachulukidwe ka 3.51 g / mizere ya 727 ° C), 333 ° C). Barium ndi chitsulo cham'dziko lamtundu wa anthu okhala ndi siliva yoyera, yokhala ndi lawi lamoto wachikasu, zofewa, komanso dyecle.Mphalaili ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri a mankhwala ndipo amatha kuchita zitsulo zambiri.Mphalasanapezeke ngati chinthu chimodzi chachilengedwe.MphalaMchere ndi woopsa kupatulamphalasulfate. Kuphatikiza apo,Bariumali ndi kuthekera kolimba ndipo kumachepetsa ma okomano ambiri, osazungulira, ndi sulfides kuti mupeze zogwirizana. Zomwe zilimphalaMu kutumphuka ndi 0,05%, ndi mchere wodziwika bwino zachilengedwe ndi kachisi (mphalasulfate) ndi Witteria (mphalacarbonate). Barium amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda monga zamagetsi, ma simeramic, mankhwala, ndi mafuta.
2, Kupezeka kwaMphalandi mawonekedwe achitukuko a ChinaMphalaKulimbikira
1. Mbiri yachidule yopezekamphala
Alkaliner of Melfidel Sulfides Coonelat phyphorescence, kutanthauza kuti amapitiliza kuyatsa mumdima kwa nthawi yayitali atawunikira. Ndizomveka chifukwa cha izimphalaMafuta ayamba kulandira chidwi.
Mu 1602, V. Casuolis, shomaker ku Bologna, Italy, adazindikira kuti kachisi wokhala ndimphalasulfate idatsitsidwa kuwala mumdima mutathamangitsa ndi zinthu zoyaka. Izi zinapangitsa chidwi cha akatswiri azamisala aku Europe. Mu 1774, Condish Cwest Cw Sekelele adapeza chinthu chatsopano ku Barite, koma sanathe kudziukanikiza, koma oxidiyo yokha ya chinthu chimenecho. Mu 1776, a Johan Gottlieb Gwan adadzipatula nthawi iyi. Poyamba Barryta adatchulidwa kuti a Guyton Di Morfau, ndipo pambuyo pake adasinthira Baryta (Wolemera) ndi Antoine Lavoisier. Mu 1808, rumphy ya ku Britain Dary adagwiritsa ntchito zercury monga Catode, Platinam ngati mawonekedwe, ndi ma rite eledolyz (bao4) kupangamphalaamalgam. Pambuyo kutsika kuti muchotse Mercury, zitsulo zokhala ndi chiyero chotsika zidapezeka ndikutchulidwabarium.
Ntchito za mafakitale zimakhalanso ndi mbiri yopitilira zaka zana
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, anthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito rite (njira yofunika yopangiramphalandimphalamankhwala) monga filler ya zojambula. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana lino, biri rite yakhala nkhani yayikulu yopanga zosiyanasiyanamphalaokhala ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa cha gawo lake lalikulu, mankhwala okhazikika, komanso opanda madzi m'madzi ndi acid, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wothandizira mafuta olemera chifukwa cha m'ma 1920s.MphalaSulfate imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zoyera ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosefera komanso zojambulajambula.
2. Mkhalidwe wa Chinamphalakulimbikira
WakomonimphalaMchere ukuphatikizamphalasulfate,mphalanitrate, barium chloride,mphalacarbonate,mphalacyanide, etc.MphalaZinthu zamchere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamagetsi amagetsi monga zowonjezera za zithunzi zojambula ndi maginito.
Pakadali pano, China yakhala yopanga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansimphalamchere. Kuchuluka kwa chaka padziko lonse lapansimphalaCarbonate ili pafupifupi matani 900000, ndikutulutsa kwa matani 700000, pomwe chaka cha China chili ndi matani 700000, ndikutulutsa matani 700000, kumawerengera pafupifupi 70% ya padziko lonse lapansimphalakupanga carbonate ndi zotulutsa. ChinamphalaZogulitsa za Carbonate zatumizidwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo China yakhala kunja kwambiri padziko lonse lapansimphalacarbonate.
Mavuto omwe akukumana nawoMphalaMakampani amtundu wina ku China
Ngakhale China ndiopanga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso kunja kwamphalaCarbonate, sikuti ndi wopangidwa mwamphamvu wa barium carbonate. Choyamba, pali kukula kwakukulumphalaMabizinesi opangira Carboboate ku China, ndipo pali mabizinesi ochepa omwe akwaniritsa mipata yayikulu; Kachiwiri, ChinamphalaZogulitsa za Carbonate zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe amodzi ndipo alibe malonda apamwamba. Ngakhale mafakitale ena akufufuza ndikupanga oyera kwambirimphalaCarbonate, kukhazikika kwake kumakhala wosauka. Kwazinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, China ziyeneranso kuyeneranso kuchokera kwa makampani monga Germany, Italy, ndi Japan. Kuphatikiza apo, m'zaka zaposachedwa, maiko ena agulitsa atsopanomphalaCarbonate, monga Russia, Brazil, South Korea, ndi Mexico, yomwe ikutsogolerani, kuwongolera kumbali yapadziko lonsemphalamsika wa Carbonati, womwe udakhudza kwambiri ku ChinamphalaMakampani a Carbonate. Opanga amafunitsitsa kubwezeretsa mitengo kuti apulumuke. Nthawi yomweyo, mabizinesi otumiza kunja akukumananso ndi kufufuza kokana kutsutsa kuchokera kudziko lina. Ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa zofunikira zachilengedwe, zinamphalaMabizinesi amchere aku China akukumana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe. Pofuna kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha ChinamphalaMakampani amchere,mphalaMabizinesi amchere a mchere ayenera kutetezedwa ndi chilengedwe ndi chitetezo monga maziko, kafukufuku mosalekeza ndikuyambitsa matekinoloje apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo khalani ndi zinthu zatsopano zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za nthawi ndikukhala ndi zinthu zapamwamba.
Kupanga ndi kutumiza kwa barite ku China
Malinga ndi deta kuchokera ku United States Kafukufuku wa United States, kupanga kwa Barite ku China kunali pafupifupi matani 41 mu 2014. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za Chitchaina, kuyambira Januware mpaka 4258595 ma kilogalamu amphalaSulfate, kuwonjezeka kwa 0,18% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha. Mtengo wotumizira wotumiza zigawenga unali 6549668 US Dollars US, kuwonjezeka kwa 20.99% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha. Mtengo wotumiza ulalo unali madola 0.71 pa kilogalamu, kuwonjezeka kwa madola 0,12 pa kilogalamu poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha. Pakati pawo, mu Disembala 2014, China, ChinamphalaSulfate, kuwonjezeka kwa 8.19% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha. Ndalama zotumizidwa kunja zinali madola a US 838515 madola, kuwonjezeka kwa 5.1% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha.
Malinga ndi deta yachikhalidwe cha Chitchaina, mu June 2015, China chotumizidwa kuchokera ku 170000 matani amphalasulfate, kuchepa kwa 1.7% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha; M'mwezi woyamba wa chaka, voliyumu yochokera kunja kunali matani 1.12 miliyoni, kuchepa kwa 6.8% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha; Ndalama zomwezo zimatsika ndi 5.4% ndi 9% motero poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha.
3, kugawa ndi kupanga barium (rite) zothandizira
1. Kugawidwa kwa mabiramu
Zomwe zilimphalaMu kutumphuka ndi 0,05%, yomwe ikupanga 14th. Michere yayikulu mu chilengedwe ndi rite (mphalasulfate base4) ndi Witrite (mphalacarbonate baco3). Pakati pawo, Barite ndiye mchere wambiri wa barium, womwe umapangidwa ndimphalasulfate ndipo imachitika mumitsempha yotsika kwambiri, monga mitsempha ya quartz, mitsempha ya fluorite, etc.mphalaokhala ndi mchere wachilengedwe, kuphatikiza pa rite, ndipo gawo lake lalikulu ndimphalacarbonate.
Malinga ndi deta kuchokera ku United States Kafukufuku wa United States mu 2015, zida zapadziko lonse lapansi zidali matani pafupifupi mabiliyoni awiri, omwe matani 740 miliyoni amatsimikiziridwa. Malo osungirako a rite la rite ndi matani 350 miliyoni. China ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi zida zochuluka kwambiri za rite. Maiko ena omwe ali ndi zida za riteriter, amaphatikizapo Kazakhstan, Türkiye, Indiland, Thailand, United States ndi Mexico ndi Mexico. Famous sources of barite in the world include Westman Land in the UK, Felsbonne in Romania, Saxony in Germany, Tianzhu in Guizhou, Heifenggou in Gansu, Gongxi in Hunan, Liulin in Hubei, Xiangzhou in Guangxi, and Shuiping in Shaanxi.
Malinga ndi deta kuchokera ku United States mu 2015 India, Morocco, ndi udindo wa United States wachiwiri, wachitatu, komanso wachinayi motero, pogwiritsa ntchito matani 1.6 miliyoni, matani 720000.
2. Kugawidwa kwaMphalaZachuma ku China
China ilinsomphalaZovala za ore, ndi malo osokoneza bongo onenedweratu zoposa 1 biliyoni. Komanso, kalasi ya barbium ore imakhala yokwera, ndipo malo ake osungirako ndi kupanga adalembedwa kale padziko lapansi. Zofala kwambirimphalaokhala ndi mchere wachilengedwe ndi wogwirizira. Kusungitsa kwa Ariri padziko lonse lapansi ndi matani 350 miliyoni, pomwe malo osungirako a Barite ku China ndi matani mamiliyoni 100, amawerengera pafupifupi 29% ya Reserve Reserve Reserve Reserve Reserve Reserve Reserve (29% ya Reserve koyambar padziko lonse lapansi.
Malinga ndi zomwe zatchulidwazi "zochulukirapo za michere yayikulu ya China komanso kuthekera kwamigodi ya China" (Mankhwala a Minecral Geolour, 2010), ku China Pali madera 195 okhala ndi malo osungira ku China, omwe ali ndi matani otsimikizira za matani 390 miliyoni a ore. Kuchokera ku zigawo (zigawo) zogawa za Barite, chigawo cha Guizhou ali ndi migodi yokhazikika, yowerengera 34% ya malo onse a dziko; Hunan, Guangxi, Gonen Yu, Shaanxi ndi zigawo zina (zigawo) zimatenga malo achiwiri. Akaunti yapamwambayi pamwambapa kwa 80% ya malo osungira. Mtundu wosungirako makamaka umakhala wopanda nkhawa, kumawerengera 60% ya zosunga zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso osanjikiza (Endogenetic), chiphala chopanda mapiri, hydrothermal, komanso zotsekemera (zotsekemera). Nthawi ya mgodi yambiri inali makamaka m'nthawi ya paleozoic era, ndipo maditeri osungirako osungirako anali ndi nthawi yodziwika bwino ya Snokoso ndi Mesozoic.
Makhalidwe a Migodi ya Migodi ku China
Kuchokera ku malingaliro owerengeka, mchere wa mabiri ku China amagawidwa makamaka m'chigawo chapakati; Pankhani ya kalasi, pafupifupi mchere wonse wambiri umakhazikika ku Guizhou ndi Guangxi; Kuchokera pakuwona kwa ore Dedunce Scale, zosunga zakale za China zimakhala zazikulu komanso zapakatikati. Madera awiri okha a Guizhou Tianzhu daazhu ya daan ndi hunan Xinhuang GongxI TONGXI akaunti ya zoposa theka la malo osungirako mbali izi. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu umodzi wotsutsana ndi mtundu waukulu wa ore, ndipo michere yam'madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ndiosavuta komanso yoyera, monga hunan Xinhuang Gongxir Gorite. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso malo osungirako ogwirizana a co ndi michere yambiri yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri.
4, kupanga barium
1. Kukonzekera kwamphala
Kupanga kwa Barium pazachitsulo kumaphatikizapo njira ziwiri: kupanga kwa bar oxide ndi kupanga kwa ma bacium romium kudutsa kutentha kwa zitsulo (aluminothermic.
(1) Kukonzekeramphalaoxidie
Okwera kwambiri osankhidwa bwino amafunikira kusankha kwa malembedwe ndi kutulutsa, kutsatiridwa ndi chitsulo ndi chochotsa sicnon kuti mupeze zambiri zopitilira 96%mphalasulfate. Sakanizani mchere wamchere wokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tinthu tating'onoting'ono tinthu tating'onoting'ono tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena malasha a petroleum coke muyezo wolemera wa 4: 1, ndi kaciti ka caldene pa 1100 ℃ mu ng'anjo yobwereka.MphalaSulfate imachepetsedwa ku barium sulfide (yomwe imadziwika kuti "phulusa lakuda"), lomwe limaphikidwa ndi madzi otentha kuti mupeze yankho la barium sulfide. Pofuna kutembenuzira barium sulfide mpweya wabwino, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera sodium carbonate kapena kuyambitsa kaboni dayosiyi mu barium sulfide am'madzi. Sakanizani barbori carbonate yokhala ndi kaboni ndi calcine pa 800 ℃ kuti mupeze barium oxide. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti barium oxile oxide oxidi kuti apange barium peroxide pa 500-700 ℃, ndipo barium peroxide imatha kuwolamphalaOxide pa 700-800 ℃. Chifukwa chake, kupewa kutulutsa barium peroxide, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimafunikira kuti zizikhazikika kapena kuzimiririka pansi pa chitetezo cha mafuta.
(2) kupangabarbium chitsulomwa njira yochepetsera aluminthermic
Pali zochitika ziwiri za kuchepetsa kwa aluminium kwamphalaOxide chifukwa cha zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana:
6Ago + 2al → 3mbao • Al2o3 + 3B ↑
Kapena: 4bao + 2al → Bao • Alyo3 + 3B ↑
Kutentha kuyambira 1000 mpaka 1200 ℃, izi zimapangitsa pang'onomphala, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kapu ya vacuum kuti isasunthire mosalekezamphalaVapor kuchokera kudera lomwe linachitika ku malo ogwirizana kuti izi zitheke mosalekeza kumanja. Zotsalira pambuyo pazochitikazo zikakhala poizoni ndipo imangotayidwa mukatha kulandira chithandizo.
2. Kukonzekera kwa ma barium wamba
(1) Njira yokonzekeramphalamtengo
Njira ya Carbotion
Njira yogwirira ntchito imaphatikizapo kusakaniza wogwirizana ndi malasha m'malo ena, ndikuwaphwanya mu ng'anjo yovunda, ndikuwothanso ndikuwachepetsa pa 1100-1200 ℃ kuti mupeze barium sulfide kusungunuka. Carbon Dioxide imadziwitsidwa mumphalasulfide njira ya mpweya, ndi zomwe zaperekedwamphalaCarbonate slurry imayipitsidwa ndikutsuka kotsukidwa ndikusamba. Kenako, imawuma ndikuphwanyika pa 300 ℃ kuti mupeze zomalizidwa za barbonate. Njirayi imatengedwa ndi opanga ambiri chifukwa cha njira zake zosavuta komanso mtengo wotsika.
② Njira yovuta yolakwika
Chomaliza champhalaCarbonate imatha kupezeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma barium sulfizide ndi ammonium carbonate, kapena pazomwe arbium chloride ndi potaziyamu. Zotsatira zake zimasambitsidwa, kusefedwa, zouma, etc.
Malamulo oopsa oopsa a Perrochemical
Ufa woopsa wa ore umakhala ndi mchere wa ammonium kuti utulutsemphalamchere, ndi ammonium carbonate amabwezeretsanso. MasulamphalaMchere umawonjezeredwa ku Ammonium carbonate yopanga mankhwala ogulitsa a Carbonate, omwe amasefa ndi kuwuma kuti apange chinthu chomaliza. Kuphatikiza apo, amayi omwe amapezeka mowa amatha kubwezeretsedwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
(2) Njira yakukonzekeramphalakutachalisi
① Njira yokhazikika yolimba
MphalaTitachate ikhoza kukonzedwa ndi kuwerengeramphalaCarbonate ndi Titanium dioxide, yomwe imatha kujambulidwa ndi zinthu zina zilizonse.
Njira ya Coprecitation
Sungunulamphalachloride ndi titanium tetrachloride mu zinthu zofananira, kutentha mpaka 70 ° C, kenako ndikuponya oxalic alletmphalaTitiote [Batio (C2O4) 2-4h2o]. Sambani, youma, kenako pyrolysis kuti mupeze barium titanate.
(3) Njira yokonzekeramphalaKaride
Kupanga kwamphalaChloride makamaka kuphatikiza hydrochloric njira,mphalaNjira ya Carbonate, calcium chloride njira, ndi magnesium chloride njira yosiyanasiyana kapena zinthu zopangira.
① hydrochloric acid njira.
②Mphalanjira ya Carbonate. Opangidwa kuchokera kumwala wofota (bar Carbonate) ngati zipatso.
③ njira ya calcium chloride. Kuchepetsa chisakanizo cha rite ndi calcium chloride ndi kaboni.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali njira ya magnesium ya magnesium. Okonzedwa pochizamphalasulfide ndi magnesium chloride.
Post Nthawi: Nov-01-2023