Pali mtundu wa chitsulo chomwe ndi chamatsenga kwambiri. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, amapezeka mu mawonekedwe amadzi ngati mercury. Ngati mutawononga, mudzadabwa kupeza kuti botolo limakhala losalimba ngati pepala, ndipo lidzaphulika ndi poke. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwetsa pazitsulo monga mkuwa komanso chitsulo zimapangitsanso izi, zomwe zimatchedwa "woponderezedwa". Kodi chimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi zinthu ziti? Lero tilowa mdziko lapansi za Merium.
1, ndi chinthu chitichitsulo cha gallium
Gawo lachinayi lili munthawi yachinayi. Malo osungunuka a gallium oyenerera ndi otsika kwambiri, 29.78 ℃, koma malo owiritsa ndi okwera ngati 2204.8 ℃. M'chilimwe, ambiri amakhalapo ngati madzi ndipo amatha kusungunuka akaikidwa m'manja. Kuchokera pamwambapa, titha kumvetsetsa kuti Galuum amatha kunyamula zitsulo zina molondola chifukwa cha malo ake osungunuka. Galulium yamadzimadzi imawongolera ndi zitsulo zina, zomwe ndi zinthu zamatsenga zomwe tatchulazi m'mbuyomu. Zomwe zili mu kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi ndi pafupifupi 0,001%, ndipo kudzakhalapo kwake sikunapezeke mpaka zaka 140 zapitazo. Mu 1871, katswiri wazamankhwala waku Russia Mendeleev adafotokoza mwachidule za zinthu zazinthu ndikulosera kuti pambuyo zinki, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zofanana ndi aluminiyamu ndipo zimatchedwa "aluminiya ngati chinthu". Mu 1875, pomwe wasayansi waku France suawabornland anali kuphunzira mzere wachitsulo wa banja limodzi, adapeza gulu la Chizindikiro chinthu chotsimikizika pakuyesa.
Galuum amagawidwa makamaka ku China, Germany, France, Australia, Kazakhstan ndi mayiko ena padziko lapansi, nthitiyo, Henan, Guangxi ndi malo ena [1]. Potengera mtundu wogawa, Shanxi, shandong ndi malo ena makamaka ku Bauxite, Yunnan ndi malo ena mu tin ore, ndipo hunan ndi malo ena makamaka alipo ku Snahalerite. Kumayambiriro kwa kupezeka kwa chitsulo cha gallium, chifukwa chosowa kafukufuku wolingana pakugwiritsa ntchito, anthu akhala akukhulupirira kuti ndichitsulo chochepa. Komabe, poyambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo chidziwitso komanso nthawi yayitali ya mphamvu zatsopano komanso zaluso kwambiri, gallium, gallium adalandira chidwi ndi zinthu zofunika mu gawo la chidziwitso, ndipo zomwe amafuna zidachulukanso.
2, magawo ogwiritsira ntchito a galium
1. Semiconductoctoct Field
Galuum amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'munda wa zigawo za semiconductor, ndi gallium arnide (Gaas) zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso ukadaulo womwe umakula kwambiri. Monga chonyamulira cha kufalitsidwa kwa chidziwitso, semiconductor atoma a 80% mpaka 85% ya kumwa kwathunthu kwa galulium, makamaka kugwirizirana ndi zingwe. Gallium warnide mphamvu ya Empnifare amatha kuwonjezera njira yolumikizirana yolumikizirana kwa 100 kapena kuti azigwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polowetsa nthawi ya 5G. Kuphatikiza apo, Galuum itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sing'anga yotentha mu semiconductor ntchito chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yake, malo ochepa osungunuka, mawonekedwe apamwamba, komanso ntchito yabwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito galium nduna mu mawonekedwe a ndulu ya galulium mu zojambula zamagetsi kumatha kusintha kuthekera kwa kutentha ndi mphamvu yamagetsi.
2. Ma cell a dzuwa
Kukula kwa maselo a dzuwa achoka kuma cecrystalnide cecry shulan SERESS ku Polycrystalne silicon ma cell filimu. Chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera wa sulycrystalnine silicon mafilimu, ofufuza apeza mkuwa wa Indium Gelium setalium (nduli) maselo a zigawo za semiconductor [3]. Maselo a ndudu ali ndi maubwino opangira ndalama zochepa, kupanga ma batch yayikulu, komanso kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chokulirapo. Kachiwiri, gallium wargenide dzuwa la anjezani ali ndi zabwino zambiri pakukonza njira yosinthira poyerekeza ndi maselo owonda omwe amapanga zinthu zina. Komabe, chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera wa gallium arsenside zida za Gullium arsenside, pano amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku Aenthorge ndi minda yankhondo.
3. Mphamvu za hydrogen
Ndi kuzindikira kwa mphamvu yamavuto padziko lonse lapansi, anthu akufuna kusintha magwero omwe siwosintha, omwe mphamvu za hydrogen imachokera. Komabe, mtengo wokwera komanso chitetezo chochepa cha hydrogen chosungira ndi mayendedwe chimalepheretsa kukula kwa ukadaulo. Monga chitsulo chochuluka kwambiri mu kutumphuka, aluminiyumu amatha kuchitira ndi haiminorn panjira ina ya chitsulo Aluminiyamu zokutidwa ndi oxide, kulola kuti zomwe achite zikupitilira [4], ndipo galuni yachitsulo ikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma aluminium gallium alloy zinthu kumathetsa vuto la kukonzekera mwachangu komanso kusungidwa kotetezeka komanso kusungitsa chitetezo, chuma, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.
4. Gawo la Medical
Galuum nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo chifukwa cha ma radiation ake apadera, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyerekeza ndi kuletsa zotupa zoyipa. Mafuta a gallium ali ndi ntchito zodziwikiratu za Antifungal ndi antibacterial, ndipo pamapeto pake amathandizira chosawilitsidwa polowerera mabakiteriya. Ndipo Gallium Smoys angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga ma thermometers, monga gallium Indium tin thermometers, mtundu watsopano wamadzimadzi otetezeka, osakhala ochezeka, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mokhazikika, ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa poizoni. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lina la Aloya wagalumu la galium lokhala ndi siliva yachikhalidwe cha mankhwala amtundu wambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito zamadole ngati zida zatsopano zamano.
3, malingaliro
Ngakhale China ndi chimodzi mwa opanga akuluakulu a galulumu padziko lapansi, pali zovuta zambiri m'makampani ena a Gallium. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa gallium ngati mchere wophatikiza, mabizinesi opanga Galulium amamwazikana, ndipo pali maulalo ofooka mu unyolo wa mafakitale. Njira ya Migodiyi ili ndi chilengedwe chachikulu cha chilengedwe, komanso kufooka kwa galulla wamkulu kwambiri, makamaka podalira galulium yotsika mtengo pamitengo yotsika ndikuitanitsa galulium yoyenga bwino. Komabe, popanga sayansi ndi ukadaulo, kusintha kwa miyezo ya anthu, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kofala kwa gallium m'magawo a chidziwitso ndi mphamvu, kufunikira kwa galulium kukuwonjezeka. Ukadaulo wopanga kumbuyo kwa gallium wapamwamba kwambiri uzikhala ndi nkhawa za chitukuko cha ku China. Kupanga matekinoloji atsopano ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mukwaniritse chitukuko chachikulu cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo ku China.
Post Nthawi: Meyi-17-2023