Neodymium, gawo 60 la tebulo la periodic.
Neodymium imalumikizidwa ndi praseodymium, onse omwe ali Lanthanide okhala ndi zinthu zofanana kwambiri. Mu 1885, katswiri wamankhwala waku Sweden Mosander atapeza kusakaniza kwalanthanumndi praseodymium ndi neodymium, Austrian Welsbach analekanitsa bwinobwino mitundu iwiri ya “dziko losowa”: neodymium okusayidi ndipraseodymium okusayidi, ndipo pomalizira pake anapatukananeodymiumndipraseodymiumkuchokera kwa iwo.
Neodymium, chitsulo choyera chasiliva chokhala ndi zinthu zogwira ntchito, zimatha kutulutsa okosijeni mwachangu mumlengalenga; Mofanana ndi praseodymium, imachita pang'onopang'ono m'madzi ozizira ndipo mwamsanga imatulutsa mpweya wa haidrojeni m'madzi otentha. Neodymium ili ndi zinthu zochepa kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo imapezeka makamaka mu monazite ndi bastnaesite, ndi kuchuluka kwake kwachiwiri kwa cerium.
Neodymium idagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati utoto mugalasi m'zaka za zana la 19. Litineodymium oxideatasungunuka mu galasi, amatha kupanga mithunzi yosiyanasiyana kuyambira pinki yotentha mpaka yabuluu kutengera kuwala komwe kuli. Osapeputsa galasi lapadera la ma ion a neodymium otchedwa "galasi la neodymium". Ndiwo "mtima" wa lasers, ndipo khalidwe lake limatsimikizira mwachindunji kuthekera ndi khalidwe la mphamvu ya chipangizo cha laser. Pakali pano imadziwika kuti laser working medium on Earth yomwe imatha kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri. Ma ion a neodymium mugalasi la neodymium ndiye chinsinsi chothamangira mmwamba ndi pansi mu "skyscraper" ya milingo yamphamvu ndikupanga laser yamphamvu kwambiri panthawi yakusintha kwakukulu, komwe kumatha kukulitsa mphamvu ya nanojoule 10-9 mpaka kufika pamlingo wa. "dzuwa laling'ono". Chida chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi cha neodymium glass laser fusion, National Ignition Device of the United States, chakweza ukadaulo wosalekeza wosungunuka wa magalasi a neodymium kukhala mulingo watsopano ndipo walembedwa ngati zodabwitsa zisanu ndi ziwiri zapamwamba kwambiri mdziko muno. Mu 1964, bungwe la Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics la Chinese Academy of Sciences linayamba kufufuza pa matekinoloje anayi ofunika kwambiri osungunuka mosalekeza, kusungunula mwatsatanetsatane, edging ndi kuyesa galasi la neodymium. Pambuyo pofufuza zaka makumi ambiri, kupambana kwakukulu kwachitika m'zaka khumi zapitazi. Gulu la Hu Lili ndi loyamba padziko lapansi kuzindikira chipangizo cha Shanghai champhamvu kwambiri komanso chachifupi chokhala ndi laser 10 watt. Cholinga chake ndikudziwa ukadaulo wofunikira pakupangira magalasi akulu komanso apamwamba kwambiri a laser Nd. Choncho, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Optics ndi mwatsatanetsatane Machinery wakhala bungwe loyamba mu dziko paokha adziwe zonse ndondomeko kupanga zipangizo laser Nd galasi zigawo.
Neodymium itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga maginito amphamvu kwambiri okhazikika - neodymium iron boron alloy. Neodymium iron boron alloy inali mphotho yolemetsa yoperekedwa ndi Japan mu 1980s kuti athetse ulamuliro wa General Motors ku United States. Wasayansi wamakono Masato Zuokawa anatulukira mtundu watsopano wa maginito okhazikika, womwe ndi maginito aloyi wopangidwa ndi zinthu zitatu: neodymium, chitsulo, ndi boron. Asayansi aku China apanganso njira yatsopano yopangira sintering, pogwiritsa ntchito sintering yotenthetsera m'malo mwa sintering ndi kutentha kwachikhalidwe, kuti akwaniritse kachulukidwe ka sintering kuposa 95% ya mtengo wongoyerekeza wa maginito, womwe ungapewere kukula kwambewu kwa maginito, kufupikitsa. nthawi yopanga, ndikuchepetsanso ndalama zopangira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-01-2023