Neodymium ndi imodzi mwazitsulo zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi

Mu 1839, CGMosander waku Sweden adapeza kusakaniza kwa lanthanum (lan) ndi praseodymium (pu) ndi neodymium (nǚ).

Pambuyo pake, akatswiri a zamankhwala padziko lonse lapansi adapereka chidwi chapadera pakulekanitsa zinthu zatsopano ndi zinthu zomwe zidapezeka zapadziko lapansi.

Mu 1885, AVWelsbach, wa ku Austria, adapeza praseodymium ndi neodymium kuchokera kusakaniza kwa praseodymium ndi neodymium zomwe Mossander amaziwona ngati "zinthu zatsopano". Mmodzi wa iwo ankatchedwa neodymium, amene kenako wosavuta Neodymium. Chizindikiro Nd ndi neodymium.

Neodymium, praseodymium, gadolinium (gá) ndi samarium (shan) onse analekanitsidwa ndi didymium, yomwe inkaonedwa ngati chinthu chosowa padziko lapansi panthawiyo. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwawo, didymium sakusungidwanso. Ndikupeza kwawo komwe kumatsegula chitseko chachitatu cha kutulukira kwa zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi ndipo ndi gawo lachitatu la kupezeka kwa zinthu zapadziko lapansi. Koma izi ndi theka la ntchitoyo mu gawo lachitatu.Zowonadi, chipata cha cerium chiyenera kutsegulidwa kapena kupatukana kwa cerium kumalizidwa, ndipo theka lina liyenera kutsegulidwa kapena kupatukana kwa yttrium kutha.

Neodymium, chizindikiro cha mankhwala Nd, chitsulo choyera cha silvery, ndi chimodzi mwazitsulo zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi, zomwe zimasungunuka ndi 1024 ° C, kachulukidwe ka 7.004 g /㎝ndi paramagnetism.

Zogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri:

Neodymium yakhala malo otentha pamsika kwazaka zambiri chifukwa cha malo ake apadera pazachilengedwe. The wosuta waukulu wa neodymium zitsulo ndi NdFeB okhazikika maginito zakuthupi. Kubwera kwa maginito a NdFeB okhazikika kwalowetsa mphamvu zatsopano m'munda wosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi. NdFeB maginito amatchedwa "mfumu ya maginito okhazikika" chifukwa cha mkulu maginito mphamvu product.It chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zamagetsi, makina ndi mafakitale ena ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri.

Neodymium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zopanda chitsulo. Kuwonjezera 1.5-2.5% neodymium ku magnesium kapena aluminium alloy kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kutentha kwapamwamba, kulimba kwa mpweya komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa aloyi, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zida zakuthambo.

Kuphatikiza apo, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet imapanga mtanda wa laser wozungulira, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwotcherera ndi kudula zida zoonda ndi makulidwe ochepera 10mm m'makampani.

Pazachipatala, Nd: LAG laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa opaleshoni kapena kupha mabala m'malo mwa scalpel. Neodymium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popaka utoto magalasi ndi zida za ceramic komanso ngati chowonjezera cha zinthu za mphira.

Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo komanso kukulitsa ndi kukulitsa sayansi yapadziko lapansi yachilendo ndiukadaulo, neodymium idzakhala ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito ambiri.

Neodymium (Nd) ndi chitsulo chosowa padziko lapansi. Wotumbululuka wachikasu, wopangidwa ndi okosijeni mosavuta mumlengalenga, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalasi a aloyi ndi kuwala.

Ndi kubadwa kwa praseodymium, neodymium inayamba kukhalapo. Kufika kwa neodymium kudayambitsa gawo losowa padziko lapansi, kudatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo kudakhudza msika wosowa padziko lapansi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Neodymium: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zoumba, galasi lofiirira, ruby ​​​​yopanga mu laser ndi galasi lapadera lomwe limatha kusefa kunyezimira kwa infrared. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi praseodymium kupanga magalasi owuzira magalasi. Mich zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zimakhalanso ndi 18% neodymium.

Neodymium oxide Nd2 O3; Kulemera kwa molekyulu ndi 336.40; Lavenda olimba ufa, yosavuta kukhudzidwa ndi yonyowa pokonza, kuyamwa mpweya woipa mu mpweya, insoluble m'madzi, sungunuka mu asidi asidi. Kachulukidwe wachibale ndi 7.24. Malo osungunuka ndi pafupifupi 1900 ℃, ndipo valence oxide yapamwamba ya neodymium imatha kupangidwa pang'ono ndi kutentha mumlengalenga.

Ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zokhazikika za maginito, zopaka utoto zamagalasi ndi zoumba ndi zida za laser.

Nanometer neodymium oxide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokongoletsa magalasi ndi zida za ceramic, zinthu za mphira ndi zowonjezera.

Pr-nd zitsulo; The molecular formula ndi Pr-Nd; Katundu: Silver-gray zitsulo chipika, zitsulo zonyezimira, mosavuta oxidized mu mpweya. Cholinga: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zinthu zokhazikika za maginito.

Chitetezo chamankhwalaneodymium chimakwiyitsa kwambiri maso ndi mucous nembanemba, kukwiya pang'ono pakhungu, komanso kupuma movutikira kungayambitsenso pulmonary embolism komanso kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi.

Zochita:

Kukwiyitsa maso, khungu, mucous nembanemba ndi kupuma thirakiti.

Yankho:

1. Kukoka mpweya: siyani pamalowo kuti mukhale mpweya wabwino. Ngati kupuma kuli kovuta, perekani mpweya. Pitani kuchipatala.

2. Kuyang'ana m'maso: Kwezani chikope ndikutsuka ndi madzi oyenda kapena saline wamba. Pitani kuchipatala.

3. Kukhudza khungu: Chotsani zovala zomwe zili ndi kachilombo ndikutsuka ndi madzi oyenda.

4. Kudya: Imwani madzi ambiri ofunda kuti musanze. Pitani kuchipatala.

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