Dziko lapansi/ zochitika zapadziko lapansi
Zinthu za Lantanide wokhala ndi manambala a atomiki kuyambira 57 mpaka 71 mu tebulo la nthawi, ndiyeLanthanum(LA),ceum(CE),Praseymium(Pr),Newdyoum(ND), Promethium (PM)
Mhamarium(SM),Europium(EU),gadolinium(GD),mnyanga(TB),Dysprium(Dy),Holmium(Ho),Erbium(Er),mapelium(TM),yterbium(Yb),lutetium(Lu), komansosinandium(SC) ndi nambala ya atomiki 21 ndiYNTrium(Y) ndi atomiki nambala 39, zonse ziwiri
Chizindikiro cha chizindikiro chikuyimira gulu la zinthu zokhala ndi zofananira zofananira.
Pakadali pano, m'malo ogwirira ntchito padziko lapansi komanso miyezo yazogulitsa, zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi nthawi zambiri zimatchula zinthu 15 kupatula promethium (pm) ndisinandium(SP).
Chosalemeradziko lapansi
Nthawi zambiri ndi zinthu zinayi zaLanthanum(LA),ceum(CE),Praseymium(Pr), ndiNewdyoum(ND).
Wapakatidziko lapansi
Nthawi zambiri zigawo zitatu zaMhamarium(SM),Europium(EU), ndipogadolinium(GD).
Cholemeradziko lapansi
Nthawi zambiri ndi zinthu zisanu ndi zitatu zamnyanga(TB),Dysprium(Dy),Holmium(Ho),Erbium(Er),mapelium(TM),yterbium(Yb),lutetium(Lu), ndipoYNTrium(Y).
Gulu ladziko lapansimakamaka yopangidwaceum, kuphatikiza zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi:Lanthanum(LA),ceum(CE),Praseymium(Pr),Newdyoum(ND),Mhamarium(SM),Europium(EU).
Gulu ladziko lapansizinthu makamaka zimapangidwa ndi yttrium, kuphatikizagadolinium(GD),mnyanga(TB),Dysprium(Dy),Holmium(Ho),Erbium(Er),mapelium(TM),yterbium(Yb),lutetium(Lu), ndipoYNTrium(Y).
Lanthanide Shrina
PHENENNOON ya atomiki ndi ionic radii of Lantahadide zinthu pang'onopang'ono zimachepera ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha atomiki chimatchedwa CANSHANIDE CICTO. Opangidwa
Chifukwa
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunika chokongoletsera cha ma elekitoni akunja akuwonjezera, pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa atomiki ndi ionic radii.
Nthawi zambiri mwa zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zosungunula zamagetsi zamagetsi, kuchepetsedwa kwa zitsulo, kapena njira zina pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi kapena zingapo zapadziko lapansi kapena zowoneka ngati zida.
Zitsulo zopezeka kuchokera pawiri mwa gawo lina laitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi zosungunula zamagetsi, kuchepetsedwa kwa zitsulo, kapena njira zina.
Wosakanizidwanyama zapadziko lapansi
Nthawi zambiri zokhala ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi ziwiri kapena zingaponyama zapadziko lapansi,kawikawiriLanthanum Crium Prageedymium Nedymium.
Nthawi zambiri mawu ophatikizidwa opangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zina zapadziko lapansi ndi zinthu za okosijeni, nthawi zambiri zoyimiriridwa ndi njira ya mankhwala oyambira.
M'modziosowa kwambiri oxide
Pawiri yopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa adziko lapansielement ndi exygen.
Kuyera Kwambiriosowa kwambiri oxide
Nthawi Yadziko lapansindi kuyera kwa wachibale osachepera 99.99%.
Wosakanizidwadziko lapansi
Pawiri yopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa awiri kapena kupitiriradziko lapansizinthu zokhala ndi okosijeni.
Dziko lapansipawirikiza
Nthawi zambiri ndi mankhwala okhala ndidziko lapansiopangidwa ndi kulumikizana kwa zitsulo zapadziko lapansi kapena osowa kwambiri okhala ndi asidi kapena zitsulo.
Dziko lapansihalide
Nthawi zambiri mawu ophatikizidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwadziko lapansizinthu ndi zida za Halogen. Mwachitsanzo, dziko lapansi loipa la chloride nthawi zambiri limayimiriridwa ndi mawonekedwe a mankhwala a recel3; Dziko Lonse Lalikulu limayimiriridwa ndi mtundu wa mankhwala okana.
Osowa dziko lapansi sulfate
Nthawi zambiri mawu ophatikizidwa opangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa anyezi wapadziko lapansi komanso ma ionfate a ionfate, nthawi zambiri amayimiriridwa ndi njira ya mankhwala a Fox (so4) y.
Mawu ambiri opangidwa ndi mitundu yopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa anyezi wosowa kwambiri komanso nitrate aons, nthawi zambiri oyimiriridwa ndi mankhwala a mankhwala Re (No3) y.
Nyama yoyipa ya carbonate
Nthawi yayikulu yopanga zigawo zopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa anyezi wosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi ma carbonate nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri imayimiriridwa ndi njira ya mankhwala a Fox (CO3) Y.
Osowa kwambiri oxalate
Mawu ambiri opangidwa ndi mitundu yopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa anyezi wosowa kwambiri komanso oxalate a ions, nthawi zambiri amayimiriridwa ndi njira ya mankhwala a Reform (c2o4) y.
Rosarrown Roshphate
Mawu ambiri opangidwa ndi mitundu yopangidwa ndi mitundu ya phosphate ions, nthawi zambiri imayimiriridwa ndi mankhwala a mankhwala Rex (Po4) y.
Osowa dziko lapansi acetate
Nthawi zambiri mawu opangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa anyezi wapadziko lapansi komanso ma icerate nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri imayimiriridwa ndi mtundu wa mankhwala Rex (C2H3o2) y.
Nsomba zamkatidziko lapansi
Nthawi zambiri mawu opangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi ma ion owerengeka a ion padziko lapansi komanso ma ydroxide a hydroxide ion, nthawi zambiri amayimiriridwa ndi njira ya mankhwala a mankhwala re (o) y.
Dziko loipa
Mawu ambiri opangidwa ndi mitundu yopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa anyezi wosowa kwambiri komanso wokhazikika, nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ndi njira ya mankhwala a Fox (C18h35o2) y.
Osowa kwambiri padziko lapansi
Mawu ambiri opangidwa ndi mitundu yopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa anyezi wosowa kwambiri komanso ma citrate, nthawi zambiri oyimiriridwa ndi mankhwala a mankhwala Rex (C6H5O7) Y.
Osowa padziko lapansi
Nthawi zambiri mawu oti zinthu zopezeka ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapadziko lapansi kudzera mwa njira zamankhwala kapena zathupi.
Dziko lapansiKukhala Uliwala
Kuchuluka kwadziko lapansi(Zitsulo kapena oxide) ngati gawo lalikulu mu osakaniza, lomwe limafotokozedwa ngati peresenti.
Kuyera kwadziko lapansi
Amatanthauza chidutswa chambiridziko lapansichinthu (chitsulo kapena oxide) munthawi yonseyidziko lapansi(Zitsulo kapena oxide), yofotokozedwa ngati peresenti.
Zonsedziko lapansizamkati
Mau gawo a zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi zopangidwa, zofotokozedwa ngati peresenti. Oxisis ndi mchere wawo amayimiriridwa ndi ma reo, pomwe zitsulo ndi ma entros awo akuimiridwa ndi re.
Osowa kwambiri oxidezamkati
Maukulu a dziko lapansi osowa poyimiriridwa ndi Reo mu malonda, omwe amawonetsedwa ngati peresenti.
M'modzidziko lapansizamkati
Kuchuluka kwa gawo limodzidziko lapansiPagulu, wofotokozedwa ngati peresenti.
Dziko lapansizonyansa
Zogulitsa zapadziko lapansi,dziko lapansizinthu zina osati zigawo zikuluzikulu za zinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi.
Ndidziko lapansizonyansa
Pazinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi, zinthu zina pambalidziko lapansizinthu.
Checheni
Gawo laling'ono lazinthu zachilengedwe zowonongeka pambuyo poti zitayikidwa pansi pa zinthu zotchulidwa, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ngati peresenti.
Acid Insuble
Pazinthu zotchulidwa, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomveka mu chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kachigawo kazinthu, chofotokozedwa ngati peresenti.
Madzi osungunuka
Kutalika kwa kuchuluka kotheratudziko lapansiamatseka m'madzi.
Osowa kwambiri
Chinthu chopangidwa ndidziko lapansiZinthu ndi zina zokhala ndi zinthu zachitsulo.
Riere nthaka yapakatikati
Dziko lapansiosowa kwambiri aloya rzofanana ndi kupanga kwadziko lapansiZogulitsa.
Dziko lapansiZipangizo Zogwirizira
Ogwilizitsadziko lapansiZinthu monga gawo lalikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi abwino kwambiri, zamagetsi, maginito, zamankhwala, zamankhwala zina zapadera, zamankhwala zimatha kupangidwa kuti zitheke
Mtundu wazinthu zogwira ntchito zomwe zitha kusinthidwa wina ndi mnzake. Makamaka ngati zida zapamwamba zopangira zigawo zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'minda yayikulu yapamwamba. Nthawi zambiridziko lapansiZipangizo zogwirira ntchito zimaphatikizapo zinthu zam'mlengalenga zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri komanso zomwe zimachitika kwambiri padziko lapansi
Zipangizo, Dziko Lonse Lonse la Haydrogen Kuzisungira, zowonongeka zapadziko lapansi.
Dziko lapansizowonjezera
Pofuna kukonza magwiridwe antchito, dziko laling'ono lomwe lili ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi zinthu zomwe zimawonjezeredwa pakupanga.
Dziko lapansizowonjezera
Zachilendo padziko lapansi zomwe zimagwira ntchito yogwira ntchito yamankhwala popanga zida za mankhwala ndi polymer.Dziko lapansiZowonjezera zimawonjezera zowonjezera pakukonzekera ndi kukonza zida za polymer (ma pulasitiki, mphira, zotupa, ndi zina)
Kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera ntchito kumakhala ndi zovuta zapadera pokonza ma procection ndi ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zida za polymer ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito ndi ntchito zatsopano.
Slag kuluma
Oxisis kapena mitundu ina yonyamula zinthu mongaMitundu Yachitsulo Yachitsulo, mawaya, ndi ndodo.
Zoyipa za dziko lapansi
Zimatengera ubale wapakati pa zomwe zili zosiyanasiyanadziko lapansiZophatikizika m'malo ophatikizika padziko lapansi, nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zapadziko lapansi kapena ma oxis.
Post Nthawi: Oct-30-2023