Erbium, atomiki nambala 68, ili mu 6th mkombero wa mankhwala periodic tebulo, lanthanide (IIIB gulu) nambala 11, atomiki kulemera 167.26, ndi chinthu dzina amachokera malo anapeza yttrium lapansi.
Erbiumali ndi 0.000247% mu kutumphuka ndipo amapezeka ambiridziko losowamchere. Imapezeka m'miyala yoyaka moto ndipo imatha kupezeka ndi electrolysis ndi kusungunuka kwa ErCl3. Imakhala limodzi ndi zinthu zina zapadziko lapansi zosawerengeka kwambiri mu yttrium phosphate ndi wakudadziko losowagolide madipoziti.
Ionicdziko losowamchere: Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, etc. ku China. Phosphorus yttrium ore: Malaysia, Guangxi, Guangdong, China. Monazite: Madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Australia, madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku India, Guangdong, China, ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Taiwan.
Kupeza Mbiri
Inapezeka mu 1843
Njira yotulukira: Anapezedwa ndi CG Mosander mu 1843. Poyamba adatcha oxide ya erbium terbium oxide, kotero m'mabuku oyambirira,terbium oxidendierbium okusayidianali osakanikirana. Sizinali mpaka pambuyo pa 1860 pamene kuwongolera kunali kofunikira.
Pa nthawi yomweyi ndi kupezeka kwalanthanum, Mossander adasanthula ndikusanthula yttrium yomwe idapezeka koyamba, ndikufalitsa lipoti mu 1842, kumveketsa kuti yttrium lapansi yomwe idapezeka koyamba sinali elemental oxide imodzi, koma oxide ya zinthu zitatu. Adatchabe mmodzi wa iwo yttrium lapansi, ndipo mmodzi wa iwo erbia.erbiumdziko). Chizindikiro cha chinthucho chimatchedwa Er. Kupezeka kwa erbium ndi zinthu zina ziwiri,lanthanumnditerbium, anatsegula chitseko chachiwiri cha kupezeka kwadziko losowazinthu, zomwe zikuwonetsa gawo lachiwiri la kupezeka kwawo. Kupeza kwawo kunali kupezeka kwa atatudziko losowazinthu pambuyo pa zinthu ziwiriceriumndiyttrium.
Kukonzekera kwamagetsi
Kapangidwe kamagetsi:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12
Mphamvu yoyamba ya ionization ndi 6.10 electron volts. Mankhwala ndi zinthu zakuthupi zimakhala zofanana ndi za holmium ndi dysprosium.
Ma isotopu a erbium ndi awa: 162Er, 164Er, 166Er, 167Er, 168Er, 170Er.
Chitsulo
Erbiumndi chitsulo choyera chasiliva, chofewa m'mapangidwe, chosasungunuka m'madzi ndi kusungunuka mu zidulo. Mchere ndi ma oxides ndi pinki mpaka wofiira mu mtundu. Malo osungunuka 1529 ° C, kuwira 2863 ° C, kachulukidwe 9.006 g/cm ³.
Erbiumndi antiferromagnetic pa kutentha kochepa, mwamphamvu ferromagnetic pafupi absolute zero, ndipo ndi superconductor.
Erbiumimatenthedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi mpweya ndi madzi kutentha kwa chipinda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofiira.
Ntchito:
oxide akeEr2O3ndi mtundu wofiira wa rozi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbiya zonyezimira.Erbium oxideamagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani a ceramic kupanga enamel ya pinki.
Erbiumilinso ndi ntchito zina mumakampani a nyukiliya ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la aloyi pazitsulo zina. Mwachitsanzo, dopingerbiummu vanadium imatha kukulitsa ductility yake.
Pakali pano, ntchito yotchuka kwambiri yaerbiumali mu kupangaerbiumdoped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). Nyambo ya doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) idapangidwa koyamba ndi University of Southampton mu 1985. Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zopanga kulumikizana kwa fiber optic ndipo zitha kunenedwa kuti ndi "getsi" lamsewu wamtali wautali wamasiku ano.Erbiumulusi wa doped ndiye phata la chokulitsa popanga ma ion ochepa a Earth element erbium (Er3+) kukhala quartz fiber. Doping makumi khumi mpaka mazana a ppm a erbium mu ulusi wowoneka bwino amatha kubweza kutayika kwa kuwala mumayendedwe olumikizirana.Erbiumma amplifiers opangidwa ndi doped fiber ali ngati "popopa" kuwala, kulola kuti ma sign a kuwala azitumizidwa popanda kuchepetsedwa kuchokera pa siteshoni kupita ku siteshoni, motero amatsegula bwino njira yaukadaulo yolumikizirana mtunda wautali, wokwera kwambiri, komanso wothamanga kwambiri. .
Ntchito ina hotspot yaerbiumndi laser, makamaka ngati mankhwala laser zakuthupi.Erbiumlaser ndi yolimba-state pulse laser yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 2940nm, yomwe imatha kutengeka kwambiri ndi mamolekyu amadzi m'matumbo amunthu, ndikupeza zotsatira zazikulu ndi mphamvu zochepa. Imatha kudula molondola, kugaya, ndi kuchotsa minofu yofewa. Erbium YAG laser imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochotsa ng'ala.ErbiumZida za laser therapy zikutsegula njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito opaleshoni ya laser.
ErbiumAngagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati ion activate kwa osowa dziko upconversion zipangizo laser.Erbiumzida zosinthira laser zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: kristalo imodzi (fluoride, mchere wokhala ndi okosijeni) ndi galasi (fiber), monga erbium-doped yttrium aluminate (YAP: Er3+) makhiristo ndi Er3+doped ZBLAN fluoride (ZrF4-BaF2- LaF3-AlF3-NaF) ulusi wagalasi, womwe tsopano wakhala wothandiza. BaYF5: Yb3+, Er3+ imatha kusintha kuwala kwa infrared kukhala kuwala kowoneka bwino, ndipo chowunikira cha multiphoton upconversion luminescent chidagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pazida zowonera usiku.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-25-2023