Europium, chizindikirocho ndi EU, ndipo nambala ya atomiki ndi 63. Monga munthu wamba wa Lantanide, Europium nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawu atatu, koma oxygen + 2 amafalanso. Pali zinthu zochepa za europium ndi boma la phvano la 2. Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zina zolemetsa, europium ilibe mphamvu zazikulu komanso zopanda poizoni. Ntchito zambiri zama ediropium gwiritsani ntchito phsphorescence zotsatira za ma europium. Europium ndi imodzi mwazinthu zocheperako m'chilengedwe chonse; Pali pafupifupi 5 mu uveth × 10-8% ya mankhwala ndi europium.
Europium ilipo ku Montazite
Kupezeka kwa Europium
Nkhaniyi imayamba kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19: nthawi imeneyo, asayansi opambana kwambiri adayamba kukwaniritsa zotsalazo ku Mendeleev patebulo la atomiki pochita mawonekedwe a atomiki. M'malingaliro a lero, ntchitoyi siyovuta, ndipo wophunzira wochita naye pansi pa onse akhoza kumaliza; Koma panthawiyo, asayansi amangokhala ndi zida zolondola komanso zitsanzo zofatsa kuyeretsa. Chifukwa chake, m'mbiri yonse yakupezeka kwa Lantanide, onse "quasi" omwe adapeza amapereka zabodza komanso kukangana wina ndi mnzake.
Mu 1885, Sir William Crookes adazindikira koyamba koma osati chizindikiro cha gawo 63: adawona mzere wofiira (609 nm) mu samorium. Pakati pa 1892 ndi 1893, woponya wa Galulium, Samarium, ndi Dysprosium, Paul - adatsimikizira gululi ndikupeza gulu lina lobiriwira (535 nm).
Kenako, mu 1896, a Eug ne Neatotole Demar v Analekanitsa bwino gawo ili mu 1901, kutanthauza kutha kwa ulendowu: "Ndikuyembekeza kutchula Europium iyi, ndi chizindikiro cha EU ndi upangiri wa pafupifupi 151."
Kusintha kwa Electron
Kusintha kwa Electron:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 4s2 3D10 4p6 5s20 5p66S2 4p7
Ngakhale ma eudium nthawi zambiri amakhala osavuta, amakonda kupanga ma dimalent mankhwala. Izi ndizosiyana ndi mapangidwe ake atatu omwe amaphatikizika ndi ambiri a Lantanide. Divalent Europium ili ndi magetsi a 4f7, pomwe semi ya Fmi adadzaza kwambiri, ndi europium (ii) ndi barium (ii) ndi ofanana. Divalent europium ndi woperewera wofatsa yemwe amathandizira mpweya kuti apange gawo la europium (III). Pansi pa anaerobic mikhalidwe, makamaka mitu yotenthetsera, ma europium ndi okhazikika ndipo amayamba kuphatikizidwa mu calcium ndi mchere wina wa alkaline. Njira yosinthira iyi ya ion iyi ndiye maziko a "zoyipa za EUROOPH", ndiye kuti, poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa chondri, mchere wambiri wa Lantanite. Poyerekeza ndi monozite, Bastnasite nthawi zambiri amawonetsa amopicopies olakwika, kotero Bastnasite ndiye gwero lalikulu la europium.
Europium ndi chitsulo cha imvi chokhala ndi zitsulo zosungunuka 822 ° C, malo owiritsa a 1597 ° C, komanso kwamphamvu kwambiri, komanso chinthu chosasunthika, komanso chinthu chosasunthika kwambiri pakati pa zinthu zapadziko lapansi. Europium ndiye chitsulo chogwira ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi; Kuchita zachiwawa ndi madzi ozizira kuti mupange mpweya wa hydrogen; Eurodium imatha kuchitira ndi Boroni, kaboni, sulufule, phosphorous, haidrojeni, nayitrogeni, etc.
Kugwiritsa ntchito eropium
Europium sulfate imatulutsa fluorescence pansi pa ultraviolet kuwala
Georges Murbain, katswiri wachichepere wapadera, wotengera chida chowoneka bwino cha Demar Çs ndikungopeza kuti ndi ma eudium ofiira, komanso kuwala kwa buluu, chifukwa chopepuka m'mitundu iyi.
Phophor lopangidwa ndi Eu3 +, Green Tb3 +, ndi Blue Eu2 + Euet, Okhetsa, kapena kuphatikiza kwa iwo, amatha kusintha kuwala kwa ultraviolet kukhala kuwala kowoneka. Zipangizozi zimatenga gawo lofunikira m'magawo osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi: machubu okulitsa machubu kapena machubu am'madzi, komanso nyali zam'madzi zamphamvu zonyamula magetsi komanso zitsulo zopepuka.
The aluresiscence zotsatira za eropium amathanso kutsimikizika ndi mamolekyu oyambitsa mamolekyu, ndipo ma glacks oterewa angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafuna chidwi chachikulu, zotsutsana ndi ma bank.
Kuyambira m'ma 1980s, Europium yakhala ikugwira ntchito yotsogolera kuwunika kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothekera kozizira kwa nthawi yozizira. Kuzipatala zambiri ndi labotale zamankhwala, kusanthula koteroko kwakhala chizolowezi. Mu kafukufuku wa sayansi, kuphatikizapo poyerekeza zachilengedwe, ma fluorescent biological amaganiza zopangidwa ndi europium ndi ena a Lantanide ndi zosayenera. Mwamwayi, kilogalamu imodzi ya europium ndiyokwanira kuthandizira pafupifupi mabiliyoni angapo - Boma La China Posachedwa Padziko Lonse Lapansi, Mayiko Otukuka Okhazikika Pang'onopang'ono Zomwe Zilibe Mavuto Enanso.
Oxide oxide oxi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati phosphor yolimbikitsidwa mu phosphor yolimbikitsidwa ku New X-racles Medications. Oxide oxide oxide amathanso kupanga ma leni otchinga ndi ma actoectic burake, ndi zida zowongolera, zida zotetezedwa, komanso zida zopangira ma atomic. Chifukwa ma atomu ake amatha kutenga ma neutrons ambiri kuposa chinthu china chilichonse, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zoyatsira ma neutrons mu atombi.
M'masiku ano okulitsa dziko lapansi, kugwiritsa ntchito Europium komwe kumapezeka posachedwa kungakhudze kwambiri ulimi. Asayansi apeza kuti pulasitiki amapeza kuti ma eropiled ndi mkuwa wa europium ndi osagwirizana amatha kutembenuza gawo la dzuwa la dzuwa likuwala. Njirayi ndi yobiriwira kwambiri (ndi mitundu yofiyira). Pogwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki iyi kuti mumange malo owonjezera kutentha amatha kuloleza mbewu kuti zithetse kuwala kowoneka bwino ndikuwonjezera zokolola pafupifupi 10%.
Europium ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ku tchipisi cha Quamm Memory, yomwe imathetsa zambiri masiku angapo nthawi. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti chidwi cha seetle ikhale yosungidwa mu chipangizo chofanana ndi disk yolimba ndikutumizidwa m'dziko lonselo.
Post Nthawi: Jun-27-2023