Posachedwa, Apple adalengeza kuti igwiritsa ntchito zobwezerezedwanso zosowa zapadziko lapansikuzinthu zake ndipo yakhazikitsa ndondomeko yeniyeni: pofika chaka cha 2025, kampaniyo idzagwiritsa ntchito 100% cobalt yobwezeretsanso mabatire onse opangidwa ndi Apple; Maginito omwe ali pazida zopangira zinthu adzapangidwanso kwathunthu ndi zida zapadziko lapansi zomwe zasinthidwanso.
Monga chuma chosowa padziko lapansi chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zinthu za Apple, NdFeB ili ndi mphamvu yamaginito yapamwamba (ndiko kuti, voliyumu yaying'ono imatha kusunga mphamvu zokulirapo), zomwe zimatha kukwaniritsa kufunafuna miniaturization ndi kupepuka kwamagetsi ogula. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pama foni am'manja zimawonetsedwa m'magawo awiri: ma vibration motors ndi ma micro electro acoustic components. Smartphone iliyonse imafuna pafupifupi 2.5g ya neodymium iron boron material.
Odziwa zamakampani amati 25% mpaka 30% ya zinyalala zam'mphepete zomwe zimapangidwira popanga neodymium iron boron maginito, komanso kuwononga zida zamaginito monga zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi ma motors, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakubwezeretsanso dziko lapansi. Poyerekeza ndi kupanga zinthu zofanana kuchokera ku miyala yaiwisi, kukonzanso ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zinyalala zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri zimakhala ndi ubwino wambiri, monga njira zofupikitsa, kuchepetsa ndalama, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, komanso kuteteza bwino zinthu zapadziko lapansi. Ndipo tani iliyonse ya praseodymium neodymium oxide yomwe yapezedwa ikufanana ndi migodi 10000 matani a ayoni osowa padziko lapansi kapena matani 5 a ore osowa padziko lapansi.
Kubwezeretsanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zapadziko lapansi zomwe sizipezekapezeka tsopano kwakhala chithandizo chofunikira paziwiya zakunja. Chifukwa chakuti chuma chachiwiri chosowa padziko lapansi ndi mtundu wapadera wazinthu, kukonzanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zipangizo zapadziko lapansi ndi njira yabwino yopulumutsira zinthu ndikuletsa kuipitsa. Ndikofunikira mwachangu komanso chisankho chosapeŵeka cha chitukuko cha anthu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, China yapitiliza kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe kamakampani onse m'makampani osowa padziko lapansi, pomwe ikulimbikitsa mabizinesi osowa padziko lapansi kuti agwiritsenso ntchito zida zachiwiri zomwe zili ndi zinthu zapadziko lapansi.
Mu June 2012, State Council Information Office inatulutsa "White Paper on the Status and Policies of Rare Earths in China", yomwe inanena momveka bwino kuti boma limalimbikitsa chitukuko cha njira zapadera, teknoloji, ndi zipangizo zosonkhanitsira, chithandizo, kulekanitsa, ndi kuyeretsa zinyalala zapadziko lapansi. Kafukufukuyu amayang'ana kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wosowa wapadziko lapansi wa pyrometallurgical wosungunuka, slag, zinyalala za maginito osowa padziko lapansi, ndi zinyalala zamaginito okhazikika, mabatire a nickel hydrogen, zinyalala zosowa zapadziko lapansi, ndi zopangira zopanda mphamvu zapadziko lapansi.
Ndi chitukuko champhamvu chamakampani osowa padziko lapansi ku China, zida zambiri zapadziko lapansi zosowa ndi zinyalala zimakhala ndi phindu lalikulu lobwezeretsanso. Kumbali imodzi, madipatimenti oyenerera amafufuza mwachangu misika yapadziko lapansi yapakhomo ndi yakunja, kusanthula msika wazinthu zapadziko lapansi kuchokera kuzinthu zapadziko lapansi zomwe zidapezeka ku China ndikubwezeretsanso ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachiwiri zapadziko lapansi kunyumba ndi kunja, ndikupanga njira zofananira. Kumbali inayi, mabizinesi osowa padziko lapansi alimbitsa kafukufuku wawo waukadaulo ndi chitukuko, amvetsetsa bwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaukadaulo wapadziko lapansi wachiwiri wobwezeretsa zinthu, adawunikira komanso kulimbikitsa matekinoloje ofunikira pachitetezo cha zachuma ndi chilengedwe, ndikupanga zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri zobwezeretsanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito maiko osowa.
Mu 2022, gawo la zobwezerezedwansopraseodymium neodymiumkupanga ku China kwafika 42% ya gwero la zitsulo za praseodymium neodymium. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zofunika, kupanga neodymium chitsulo boron zinyalala China anafika 53000 matani chaka chatha, chaka ndi chaka kuwonjezeka pafupifupi 10%. Poyerekeza ndi kupanga zinthu zofanana kuchokera ku miyala yaiwisi, kukonzanso ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zinyalala zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri zimakhala ndi ubwino wambiri: njira zofupikitsa, kuchepetsa ndalama, kuchepetsa "zinyalala zitatu", kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chuma, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, komanso kuteteza bwino chuma chosowa cha dziko.
Potengera kuwongolera kwa dziko pakupanga kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa nthaka yosowa, msika upangitsa kuti pakhale kufunika kokonzanso nthaka. Komabe, pakadali pano, pali mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono opanga zinthu ku China omwe amabwezeretsanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zida zapadziko lapansi, zopangira kamodzi, zotsika mtengo, ndikuthandizira mfundo zomwe zitha kukonzedwanso. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuti dziko lino lizigwira ntchito mwamphamvu zobwezeretsanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zapadziko lapansi motsogozedwa ndi chitetezo chosowa padziko lapansi komanso cholinga cha "carbon wapawiri", kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera zinthu zosowa padziko lapansi, ndikuchita nawo gawo lapadera pakukula kwachuma cha China.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-06-2023