M'matsenga.mphalaNthawi zonse zakopa chidwi cha asayansi ndi chithumwa chake chapadera ndi ntchito yayikulu. Ngakhale chinthu chachitsulo choyera ichi sichili bwino ngati golide kapena siliva, limakhala ndi gawo lofunikira m'minda yambiri. Kuchokera pazida zopepuka zasayansi a labotale zopangira zida zopangira mu mafakitale ku ma reamile a zamankhwala, Baruilla walemba nthano ya umisala ndi zinthu zake zapadera.
Pofika pafupifupi 1602, Cassio Lauro, wowotcha mu mzinda wa polyra wa polyra wa ku Italy, wokazinga rite wokhala ndi barium sungunula ndi chinthu choyaka poyesera ndipo adayamba kuwala mumdima. Kupeza kumeneku kunachititsa chidwi pakati pa akatswiri panthawiyo, mwalawo unatchedwa mwala wa porra ndipo unayamba kufufuzidwa ndi akatswiri azamisala aku Europe.
Komabe, anali Sekele ya Sweden ya Sweden yemwe adatsimikiziradi kuti Barium inali yatsopano. Adapeza Baruum oxide mu 1774 ndikuwatcha "Barryta" (zolemera)). Anaphunziranso izi mozama ndipo amakhulupirira kuti anali padziko lapansi latsopano (oxide) lophatikizidwa ndi sulfuric acid. Patatha zaka ziwiri, anathetsa bwino dothi latsopanoli ndipo anapeza oxide.
Komabe, ngakhale kuti malo oweta adapeza ma oxide, mpaka 1808 omwe a Britist a Britain Dayvy Dayvy adapanga bwino zitsulo pazitsulo zopangidwa ndi ma elekitorte opangidwa kuchokera ku Barite. Kupeza izi kunawonetsa chitsimikiziro cha Bariberi ngati chinthu chachitsulo, komanso anatsegulanso ulendo wogwiritsa ntchito barium m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anthu amawathandiza mosalekeza kuti amvetsetse za barium. Asayansi afufuza zinsinsi za chilengedwe ndikulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo pophunzira zinthu ndi machitidwe a Barium. Kugwiritsa ntchito batala pankhani yasayansi, makampani, minda yamankhwala ikuchulukirachulukira, kubweretsa mosavuta kwa moyo wa anthu, komanso chinsinsi cha asayansi kumbuyo kwake. Asayansi asintha mosalekeza zinsinsi za chilengedwe ndipo analimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo pophunzira zinthu ndi machitidwe a Barium. Nthawi yomweyo, arrium amatenganso mwakachetechete pamoyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku, kubweretsa mwayi ndi kutonthoza miyoyo yathu.
Tiyeni tiyambe ntchito yamatsenga yofufuza ma rium, osamasulira chophimba chodabwitsa, ndikuyamikira chithumwa chake. M'nkhani yotsatirayi, tikambirana zinthu ndi ntchito za barium, komanso gawo lake lothandiza pakufufuza zasayansi, makampani, ndi mankhwala. Ndikhulupirira kuti kudzera mu kuwerenga nkhaniyi, mudzamvetsetsa mwakuya ndi kudziwa za barium.
1. Magawo ofunsira barium
Barrium ndi chinthu chimodzi. Ndi chitsulo choyera-choyera chomwe chilipo ngati michere yosiyanasiyana yachilengedwe. Otsatirawa ndi ena tsiku lililonse
Kuyaka ndi Kuumikirana: Barium ndi chitsulo chogwira kwambiri chomwe chimatulutsa lawi lowoneka bwino pakakhudzana ndi ammonia kapena oxygen. Izi zimapangitsa ma barum kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga kupanga moto, flares, ndi kupanga phosphor.
Makampani azachipatala: Corium ndi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pamakampani. Barrium zakudya (monga barium mapiritsi) amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayeso am'mimba x-ray kuti athandize madokotala kuti athandize madokotala. Ma barium ndi omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamankhwala othandizira ma radio, monga ayodini azomwe amachiritsira matenda a chithokomiro.
Magalasi ndi Ceramic: Corium Cources nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mugalasi ndi deramic kupanga chifukwa cha malo awo osungunuka ndi kukana. Barium pazinthu zimapangitsa kuuma ndi kulimba kwa ma ceramics ndipo kumatha kupereka zinthu zina zapadera, monga kutchinga kwamagetsi komanso njira zokhazikika.
Zitsulo Zowonetsera: Barium imatha kupanga mawonekedwe ndi zinthu zina zachitsulo, ndipo olosera awa ali ndi malo ena apadera. Mwachitsanzo, mabiramu amayendetsa bwino kwambiri a aluminiyamu ndi magnesium polosi, zimapangitsa kuti azitha kusintha ndikutaya. Kuphatikiza apo, mabira aboma amathandizira kuti maginito azamagalitsidwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga ma mbale a batire komanso zida zamagetsi.
Barium ndi gawo la mankhwala omwe ali ndi zilembo za com ndi atomiki 56. Barium ndi chitsulo chapadziko lapansi chomwe chili pagulu 6 la tebulo la nyengo, gulu lalikulu.
2. Mphamvu za barium
Barium (ba)ndi chisanu cha zitsulo zapadziko lapansi. 1. Maonekedwe: Barium ndi chitsulo choyera, choyera choyera chokhala ndi chotupa chosiyana mukamadula.
2. Chuma: Barium ili ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri kwa 3.5 g / cm³. Ndi imodzi mwazitsulo zopweteka kwambiri padziko lapansi.
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4. Kuukirana: Barium ndi chitsulo chofewa chokhala ndi kuuma kwa madio pafupifupi 1.25 pa madigiri 20 Celsius.
5. Zochititsa chidwi: Barium ndi wotsogolera magetsi okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.
6. Dukidity: Ngakhale Barium ndi chitsulo chofewa, ili ndi digiri inayake ndipo imatha kukonzedwa m'matayala owonda kapena mawaya.
7.. Ntchito yamankhwala: Barium simachita zinthu mosamala ndi zitsulo zambiri komanso zitsulo zambiri kutentha, koma zimakonda ma oxis pamatenthedwe kwambiri komanso mlengalenga. Itha kupanga zinthu zina ndi zinthu zambiri zosafunikira, monga oxissis, sulfides, etc.
8. Mitundu ya kukhalapo: michere yokhala ndi barium yomwe ikuphulika padziko lapansi, monga rite (barium sulfate), etc.
9. Mwayilesi: Barium ili ndi ma iyotosopes osiyanasiyana ojambula, omwe ndi nduli ya railla-133 ndi Inopope wodziwika bwino wamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polingalira zamankhwala ndi mapulogalamu a nyukiliya.
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3. Mankhwala a mankhwala a barium
Mitundu ya menillic: Barium ndi cholimba chachitsulo chokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera oyera ndi mawonekedwe abwino.
Kuchulukitsa ndi malo osungunuka: Barium ndi gawo lokhazikika ndi kachulukidwe ka 3.51 g / cm3. Barium ali ndi malo otsala pafupifupi 727 digiri Celsius (1341 madigiri Fahrenheit).
Kubweretsedwa: Baruum imagwira mwachangu kwambiri zinthu zambiri zosagwirizana, makamaka ndi zotupa (monga chlorine ndi bromine), kupanga barum yolingana. Mwachitsanzo, mabira akani ndi chlorine kuti apange barium chloride.
Matolo: Barium amatha kukhala oxidid kuti apange barium oxide. Barum oxide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga kuwuzira zitsulo ndikusaka. Ntchito yayikulu: Barium ili ndi ntchito yayikulu yamankhwala ndipo imagwira mosavuta ndi madzi kuti amasule hydrogen ndikupanga baum hydroxide.
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Udindo ndi zachilengedwe zamphalaMuzachilengedwe sizimamvetsetsedwe, koma zimadziwika kuti marrium ali ndi vuto lililonse ku zolengedwa.
NJIRA YOSAVUTA: Anthu amatenga batala kwambiri kudzera mu chakudya ndi madzi akumwa. Zakudya zina zimatha kukhala ndi barium, monga mbewu, nyama, ndi mkaka. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi apansi nthawi zina amakhala ndi barium yambiri.
Kukondana kwachilengedwe ndi kagayidwe kazinthu: Barium amatha kulowetsedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagawidwa m'thupi kudzera m'magazi. Barium makamaka amadziunjikira mu impso ndi mafupa, makamaka m'malo okwera mafupa.
Ntchito yachilengedwe: Barium sanapezekebe kuti ali ndi ntchito zofunikira pamoyo mu zolengedwa. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yachibadwa ya rium imatsutsana.
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Kuopsa: Kukhazikika kwakukulu kwa ma barum aons kapena barium ndi poizoni kwa thupi la munthu. Kuchulukana kwambiri kwa mabira kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa pachiwopsezo, kuphatikizapo kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kufooka kwa minofu, ethythmia, kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi mavuto amtima.
Kudzikuza kwamafupa: Baruwa amatha kudziunjikira m'mafupa mu thupi la munthu, makamaka okalamba. Kudziwitsa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa arrium kungayambitse matenda mafupa monga anyezisoporosis.
Mitima ya mtima: barium, ngati sodium, imatha kusokoneza ion moyenera komanso ntchito yamagetsi, yokhudza ntchito ya mtima. Kuchulukana kwambiri kwa Barium kumatha kuyambitsa mitima yamitima yachilendo ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha mtima.
Carcinogenicity: Ngakhale mikangano ilibe yokhudza carcinogenicity wa barium, maphunziro ena awonetsa kuti kuyanjana kwambiri ndi barium, ngakhale kuti khansa yam'mimba ndi khansa yam'mimba komanso khansa ya ESophegeal. Chifukwa cha kuopsa komanso kuwopsa kwa mabiramu, anthu ayenera kusamala kuti asamale kudya kwambiri kapena nthawi yayitali ku barium. Barum woipa akumwa kumwa madzi ndi chakudya ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuwongolera kuteteza thanzi la anthu. Ngati mukukayikira poyizoni kapena kukhala ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana, chonde pitani kuchipatala msanga.
6. Barium mu chilengedwe
Birium Minerals: Barium ikhoza kukhalapo padziko lapansi mawonekedwe a mchere. Makampani ena wamba a mariyamwa amaphatikizapo birite ndi Witite. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi michere ina, monga mtovu, zinki, ndi siliva.
Kusungunuka m'madzi ndi miyala: mabira akhoza kukhala m'madzi ndi miyala mu dziko losungunuka. Madzi apansi amakhala ndi barium yosungunuka, ndipo kukhazikika kwake kumadalira mikhalidwe yazigawo ndi mankhwala a thupi lamadzi. Barliam mchere: Barium imatha kupanga mchere wosiyanasiyana, monga barium chloride, barium nitrate ndi barborim carbonate. Izi zimapezeka zachilengedwe monga mchere wachilengedwe.
Zomwe zili munthaka:MphalaZitha kukhala m'nthaka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zina zomwe zimachokera ku kusungunuka kwachilengedwe kapena miyala. Zomwe zili mu barium m'nthaka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika, koma pakhoza kukhala malo okhazikika a barium m'malo ena apadera.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mawonekedwe ndi zomwe zili mu barium amatha kusiyanasiyana m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kotero mikhalidwe yovomerezeka ndi ya geolography iyenera kuganiziridwa pokambirana za Barium.
7.. Ma barum migodi ndi kupanga
Njira ya Migodi ndi Kukonzekera kwa Barium nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi njira zotsatirazi:
1. Migodi ya bar Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka padziko lapansi ndipo zimagawidwa kwambiri m'miyala ndi michere padziko lapansi. Migodi nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo njira monga kufuula, migodi, kuphwanya ndikukula kwa ore kuti mupeze ma barfate.
2. Kukonzekera kwa chidwi: Kupeza Barium ku Barium Ore amafunika kuyang'ana kwambiri mankhwala a ore. Kukonzekera kwapafupi nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kusankha kwa dzanja ndikutulutsa njira zochotsera zodetsa ndikupeza zochulukirapo zoposa 96% barfate sulfate.
3. Kukonzekera kwa barium sulfate: Kukhazikika kumayendetsedwa ndi zinthu monga chitsulo ndi sisilicon kuti zitheke pa barium sulfate (Bado4).
4. Kukonzekera kwa barium sulfide: Pofuna kukonzekeretsa barium ku barium sulfate, barium sulfate iyenera kusinthidwa kukhala barfate sulfide, komwe amadziwikanso kuti phulusa lakuda. Barfate sulfate ufa wokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono osakwana 20 mesh nthawi zambiri umasakanizidwa ndi malasha kapena mafuta a petroleum coke ufa muyezo wa 4: 1. Osakaniza amasungidwa pa 1100 ℃ mu ng'anjo yobwereka, ndipo barbiate sulfate imachepetsedwa ku barium sulfide.
5. Kusungunula barium sulfide: bar biol sulfide yankho la barium sulfate amatha kupezeka ndi madzi otentha amadzi.
6. Kukonzekera kwa baryaum oxide: kuti atembenukire barium sulfide kulowa mu barbonate, sodicor carbonate kapena kaboni dayokisi nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa pa yankho la barium sulfide. Pambuyo posakaniza barbonate ya carbonate ndi kaboni, kuwerengeredwa pa 800 ℃ kumatha kupanga barium oxide.
7. Kuzizirana ndi kukonza: Zindikirani kuti barium oxide imayamwa ma barain peroxide pa 500-700 ℃, ndipo a Barium Peroxide amatha kuwola kuti apange barium oxide pa 700-800 ℃. Pofuna kupewa kupanga barium peroxide, mankhwalawa amayenera kukhazikika kapena kusinthidwa pansi pa chitetezo cha bat.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi njira yayikulu komanso yokonzekera barium. Njira izi zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana kutengera njira zothandizira mafakitale ndi zida, koma mfundo zonsezo zimakhalabe chimodzimodzi. Barium ndichitsulo chofunikira kwambiri ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana ogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo, kuphatikizapo makampani, mankhwala, zamagetsi ndi minda ina.
8. Njira zodziwika bwino za barium
Mphalandi gawo lodziwika bwino lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamagawo osiyanasiyana a mafakitale komanso asayansi. Mu chemistry chemistry, njira zopezera barium nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kusanthula koyenera komanso kusanthula kokwanira. Izi ndi mawu atsatanetsatane kwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira za barium.
1. Flome atomic mayamwidwe owoneka bwino (fas): Iyi ndi njira yophunzirira kwambiri kwa zitsanzo zokhala ndi zochitika zapamwamba. Njira yothetsera zitsanzo zimaphatikizidwa mu lawi, ndipo ma atomu a barum amatenga kuwala kwa mawonekedwe enaake. Kuwala koyandikana kumayesedwa ndipo ndizofanana ndi ndende ya barium.
2. Lawisi latomiki limayesedwa (Faes): Njira iyi imazindikira Barium pothira njira yothira moto, yosangalatsa ma atomu a ma atomu kuti awone bwino. Poyerekeza ndi Faas, ma failo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zovuta za barium.
3. Atomiki Flurescence Spertrometry (AAAS): Njira iyi ndiyofanana ndi Fluoresson Spectrometer kuti muwone kukhalapo kwa barium. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kuchuluka kwa barium.
4. Ion chromatography: Njirayi ndiyoyenera kuwunika barium m'madzi. Barium iyos amalekanitsidwa ndikuwonekera ndi ion chromatography. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza ndende ya Baribe m'madzi.
5. X-ray fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF): Iyi ndi njira yopenda yopanda chonyansa yoyenera kupezeka kwa Barium mu zitsanzo. Pambuyo pa sampleyo amasangalala ndi X-rays, ma atomu a barums amatulutsa mawu anzeru, ndipo barium zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndikuyeza bwino kwambiri molumala.
6. Mass Spectritetry: Mass Spectombietry angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti adziwe za ma isotopic kuphatikizidwa kwa barotic ndikudziwa zomwe zili mu barium. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popenda kwambiri ndipo imatha kudziwa zambiri za barium. Pamwambapa ndi njira zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza barium. Njira yofunikira kusankha zimatengera mtundu wa chitsanzocho, mitundu ya barium, ndi cholinga chowunikira. Ngati mukufuna zina zambiri kapena mukhale ndi mafunso ena, chonde dziwani kuti ndidziwitse. Njirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu labotale ndi mafakitale ogwiritsira ntchito molondola komanso modekha ndikuwona kukhalapo ndi kukhazikika kwa barium. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito imatengera mtundu wa zitsanzo zomwe zikufunika kuyezedwa, mitundu ya barium yomwe ilipo, komanso cholinga chenicheni.
Post Nthawi: Dec-09-2024