Kodi chinthu cha Holmium ndi chiyani?

1. Kuzindikira kwa zinthu za Holmium
Pambuyo polekanitsidwaErbiumndimnyangakuchokeraYNTriumMu 1842, akatswiri ambiri a zamankhwala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a ziwonetsero kuti azindikire ndipo adatsimikiza kuti sanali oyera okombetseka, omwe adalimbikitsa acists kuti apitilize kuwalekanitsa. Pambuyo polekanitsayterbachi oxidendiscandaum oxideKuchokera ku YTERBBIum Oxide, thanthweli adalekanitsa anthu awiri okhala ndi masamba mu 1879 Pambuyo pake, mu 1886, Boisbodran adalekanitsa chinthu china kuchokera ku Holmium, koma dzina la Holmium lidasungidwa. Popezeka ndi Hollium ndi zina zapadziko lapansi zina padziko lapansi, theka linalo la gawo lachitatu la kupezeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi.

2. Mphamvu za Holmium
Holmium ndi chitsulo choyera, chofewa komanso chofewa; Kusungunuka 1474 ° C, kuwiritsa mpaka 2695 ° C, kachulukidwe 8.7947G / masentimita. Holmium ndi yokhazikika mu mpweya wowuma ndi maakichinde mwachangu pamatenthedwe kwambiri;Holmium oxidendiye chinthu cholimba kwambiri cha paramaginetic. Mafuta a Holmium amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga zowonjezera za zida zatsopano;Holmium iodideimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga nyali zachitsulo zakale - nyali za Holmium. Ndiwokhazikika mu mpweya wowuma firiji komanso oxidized mosavuta mu mpweya wachinyezi komanso kutentha kwambiri. Pewani kulumikizana ndi mpweya, oxides, ma acids, olerera, ndi madzi onyowa. Zimatulutsa mpweya woyaka mukamacheza ndi madzi; Imasungunuka mu itorganic acids. Ndiwokhazikika mu mpweya wowuma firiji, koma okonzeka mwachangu mu mpweya wachinyezi komanso kutentha kwa chipinda. Ili ndi mankhwala othandizira. Imawola madzi pang'onopang'ono. Itha kuphatikiza ndi pafupifupi zinthu zonse zosapanda zitsulo. Imakhalapo mu yttrium Slikar, Monazi ndi mchere wina wapadziko lapansi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangitsa zinthu zamagetsi.

3. Mankhwala a mankhwala a Holmium
Ndiwokhazikika mu mpweya wowuma firiji, komanso oxidized mosavuta mu mpweya wachinyezi komanso kutentha kwambiri. Pewani kulumikizana ndi mpweya, oxides, ma acidis, maulendo olema, ndi madzi onyowa. Zimatulutsa mpweya woyaka mukamacheza ndi madzi; Imasungunuka mu inorganic acids. Ndiwokhazikika mu mpweya wowuma firiji, koma okonzeka mwachangu mpweya wabwino komanso kutentha kwa chipinda. Ili ndi mankhwala othandizira. Imafooketsa pang'onopang'ono. Itha kuphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zonse zosagwirizana. Imakhalapo mu yttrium Slikar, Monazi ndi mchere wina wapadziko lapansi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangitsa zinthu zamagetsi. Monga Dysprium, ndi chitsulo chomwe chimatha kuyamwa netrons zopangidwa ndi chilengedwe cha nyukiliya. Mu riyakitala ya nyukiliya, imangoyaka nthawi yomweyo ndikuwongolera kuthamanga kwa unyolo wina. Mafotokozedwe a chinthu: ili ndi chotupa chachitsulo. Itha kuchitirana pang'onopang'ono ndi madzi ndikusungunuka mu acid acid. Mchere ndi wachikasu. Oxide Ho2o2 ndi wobiriwira. Imasungunuka mu mchere acid kuti apange mchere wa ion yachikasu. Gwero la Desicment: Amapangidwa mwa kuchepetsaHolmium fluorideHof3 · 2h2o ndi calcium.
Masamba
(1)Holmium oxideNdi yoyera ndipo ili ndi nyumba ziwiri: cubic yopangidwa ndi thupi ndi monoclinic. Hoo2o3 ndi yekhayo wokhazikika. Mankhwala ake ndi kukonzekera njira ndizofanana ndi za Lanthanum oxide. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga nyali za Holmium.
(2)Holmium nitrateMa molecular Fomula: Ho (· 32) 3 · 5h2o; Misa yazochulukitsa: 441.02; Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovulaza matupi amadzi. Musalole kuti malonda osatsimikizika kapena ambiri omwe amapezeka kuti agwirizane ndi madzi apansi, njira zamadzi kapena mapulotution. Osataya zinthuzo kukhala malo ozungulira popanda chilolezo cha boma.

4.Synthesis njira ya Holmium
1. Zitsulo za Holmiumikhoza kupezeka pochepetsa kutentha thupiHolmium trichloride or Holmium Triflooridendi calcium calcium
2. Pambuyo pa Holmium italekanitsidwa ndi zina zapadziko lapansi zadziko lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa ion kapena solvent a sungunula, zitsulo za Holmium zitha kukonzedwa ndi kutentha kwa zitsulo. Kuchepetsa kwamphamvu kwa dziko lapansi koopsa padziko lapansi ndi kosiyana ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa calcium. Njira yochepetsera zakale imachitika gawo la gasi. Kutsitsa kwa rithin kumagawidwa m'magawo awiri owotchera, ndipo kuchepetsa ndi kupatsirana kwa distillation kumachitika m'magulu omwewo. NsombaHolmium chlorideimayikidwa mu utoto wapamwamba wa Titanium Kenako thanki yopanda kapangidwe kamenemidwe imathamangitsidwa ku 7Pa kenako kutentha. Kutentha kwafika 1000 ℃, kumasungidwa kwakanthawi kololaHocl3Vapor ndi nthunzi ya lifione kuti muchite kwathunthu, ndipo ochepetsedwa a Chitsulo Hollmium odalirika amagwera pamlomo woponderezedwa. Pambuyo pakuchepetsa zomwe zimatsirizidwa, kokha kotsika kokha komwe kamatenthedwa kuti aletse Lill mu opambana apamwamba. Njira yochepetsa njira imatenga 10h. Pofuna kutulutsa zoyera zam'madzi za Holmium Holmium, wothira minyewa yachitsulo limuyamu iyenera kukhala 99.97% yoyera ya 99.97