Zirconium(zr) ndihafnium(Hf) ndi zitsulo ziwiri zofunika kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, zirconium imapezeka makamaka mu zircon.ZrO2) ndi zircon (ZrSiO4). Palibe mchere wosiyana wa hafnium m'chilengedwe, ndipo hafnium nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zirconium ndipo imakhala mu zirconium ores. Hafnium ndi zirconium zili m'gulu lachinayi lazinthu zomwe zili ndi zinthu zofanana. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a atomiki ofanana, kupatukana kwa mankhwala kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Monga momwe mawu akuti, 'Ngati pali zirconium, pali hafnium, ndipo ngati pali hafnium, pali zirconium', kusonyeza 'chisoni' cha awiri 'abale' a zirconium ndi hafnium.
Tekinoloje yolekanitsa ya zirconium ndi hafnium ikukulanso mosalekeza. Kuyambira kuwiritsa kwa chlorination, kulekanitsa moto, kulekanitsa kwa zirconium ndi hafnium mpaka kulekanitsa konyowa ndi moto, kulekanitsa kwa zirconium ndi hafnium kwakhala bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kosalekeza kwa chiyero cha zinthu zakumunsi.
Ma precursors okhala ndi zirconium ndi hafnium nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu kapena ngati chothandizira pamakampani a petrochemical.Zirconium chloride (ZrCl4,amadziwikanso kutizirconium tetrachloride) amatha kupangidwa ndi kusungunula zircon ndi kuchepetsa mpweya ndi chlorination.Hafnium chloride(HfCl4, amadziwikanso kutihafnium tetrachloride) kawirikawiri amapangidwa ndi oxidizing hafnium, carbon, ndiyeno chlorinating.Zirconium chloridendihafnium chloridendi zida zofunika zopangira zida zopangira zirconium ndi hafnium, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, petrochemical, nyukiliya ndi zina.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kuyeretsa kwakukuluzirconium tetrachloridendi hafnium tetrachloride monga zopangira, mankhwala monga n-propanol zirconium/hafnium, n-butanol zirconium/hafnium, tert butanol zirconium/hafnium, ethanol zirconium/hafnium, dichlorodicenyl zirconium/hafnium, ndi bis (n-butylene)hafnium dichlorideimathanso kupangidwa. Zogulitsazi zitha kukhalanso ngati magwero a hafnium ndi zirconium pakuyika kwa nthunzi ndi ma precursors a ceramic, komanso zopangira organic synthesis. Zinthu za Shang Hai Epoch zimatha kupereka zolemba zoyambira kuchokera ku kalasi ya reagent kupita ku giredi ya mafakitale, kukumana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga kuyesa kwasayansi, zomera zoyendetsa ndege, ndi kupanga. Dinani ulalo kuti mufufuze zambiri zamalonda kuti muwone zambiri.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-26-2023