Mawu Oyamba pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zachilengedwe Zosowa
Zosowa zapadziko lapansi zimadziwika kuti "mavitamini ogulitsa", okhala ndi maginito abwino kwambiri, owoneka bwino komanso magetsi, kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, kuonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito achita gawo lalikulu. Chifukwa cha udindo waukulu wa osowa nthaka, ntchito yaing'ono, wakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri kusintha kapangidwe mankhwala, kusintha okhutira sayansi ndi luso, kulimbikitsa patsogolo luso makampani, wakhala ankagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo, asilikali, petrochemical, galasi zoumba, ulimi ndi zipangizo zatsopano ndi madera ena.
Makampani opanga zitsulo
Ana osowa padziko lapansi ana ndi masisitere akhala ntchito m'munda wa zitsulo kwa zaka zoposa 30, ndipo apanga luso okhwima kwambiri ndi luso, osowa nthaka mu zitsulo, zitsulo sanali ferrous, ndi dera lalikulu, ali ndi chiyembekezo yotakata. Zosowa zapadziko lapansi zitsulo kapena fluoride, silicate wowonjezera chitsulo, amatha kugwira ntchito yoyenga, desulfurization, sing'anga ndi otsika kusungunuka mfundo zoipa zonyansa, ndipo akhoza kusintha processing ntchito zitsulo; Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu galimoto, thirakitala, injini dizilo ndi mafakitale ena makina kupanga, osowa nthaka zitsulo anawonjezera magnesium, zotayidwa, mkuwa, nthaka, faifi tambala ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo sanali achitsulo, akhoza kusintha katundu thupi ndi mankhwala a kaloti, ndi kusintha chipinda kutentha ndi kutentha mkulu katundu makina a aloyi.
Chifukwa maiko osowa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri monga optical ndi electromagnetic, amatha kupanga zida zatsopano zokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zida zina zambiri, zomwe zimatha kupititsa patsogolo luso ndi magwiridwe antchito azinthu zina. Choncho, pali dzina la "golide mafakitale". Choyamba, kuwonjezera pa osowa nthaka akhoza kwambiri kusintha ntchito akasinja, ndege, zoponya, zitsulo, zotayidwa aloyi, magnesium aloyi, titaniyamu aloyi tactical ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, nthaka yosowa itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zamagetsi, ma lasers, mafakitale anyukiliya, superconducting ndi mafuta ena ambiri apamwamba kwambiri. Ukatswiri wapadziko lonse lapansi, womwe unkagwiritsidwa ntchito m'gulu lankhondo, mosakayikira udzabweretsa patsogolo sayansi yankhondo ndi luso lazopangapanga. Mwanjira ina, kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa asitikali aku US pankhondo zam'deralo zomwe zachitika pambuyo pa Cold War, komanso kuthekera kwake kupha adani mopanda malire komanso pagulu, ndichifukwa cha gulu lake laukadaulo lapadziko lapansi losowa kwambiri.
Petrochemicals
Zosowa zapadziko lapansi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa petrochemical kupanga zopangira ma molekyulu a sieve, ndi ntchito yayikulu, kusankha bwino, kukana mwamphamvu poyizoni wazitsulo zolemera ndi zabwino zina, motero m'malo mwa zida za aluminium silicate zopangira mafuta opangira mafuta; mankhwala ake mpweya buku ndi 1.5 nthawi zazikulu kuposa faifi tambala zotayidwa chothandizira, m`kati kaphatikizidwe mphira shunbutyl ndi mphira isoprene, ntchito cyclane asidi osowa dziko lapansi - atatu isobutyl zotayidwa chothandizira, analandira mankhwala ntchito ndi zabwino, ndi zochepa zida kupachikidwa guluu, ntchito khola, yochepa pambuyo chithandizo; ndi zina zotero.
Magalasi a ceramic
Kuchuluka kwa nthaka yosowa m'makampani agalasi ndi ceramic ku China kwakhala kukuchulukirachulukira pafupifupi 25% kuyambira 1988, kufika pafupifupi matani 1600 mu 1998, ndipo zoumba zamagalasi osowa padziko lapansi sizimangokhala zida zachikhalidwe zamakampani ndi moyo, komanso mamembala akulu am'munda wapamwamba kwambiri. Ma oxides osowa kwambiri padziko lapansi kapena opangidwa ndi osowa padziko lapansi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ufa wonyezimira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mugalasi lakumaso, magalasi owonera, machubu oyerekeza, ma oscilloscopetubes, galasi lathyathyathya, pulasitiki ndi kupukuta zitsulo; Pofuna kuchotsa mtundu wobiriwira pagalasi, kuwonjezera kwa ma oxides osowa padziko lapansi kungapangitse ntchito zosiyanasiyana za galasi la kuwala ndi galasi lapadera, kuphatikizapo magalasi a infuraredi, UV-absorbing, magalasi a asidi ndi kutentha, magalasi a X-ray-proof, etc., mu ceramic ndi enamel kuti awonjezere dziko losowa, akhoza kuchepetsa kung'ambika kwa glaze, ndipo amatha kugwiritsira ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zonyezimira, zonyezimira za ceramic.
Ulimi
Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti zinthu zomwe sizipezeka m'nthaka zimatha kusintha chlorophyll zomwe zili muzomera, kuwonjezera photosynthesis, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu, ndikuwonjezera kuyamwa kwa michere mumizu. Mantha osowa amathanso kulimbikitsa kumera kwa mbewu, kukulitsa kameredwe ka mbewu, ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbande. Kuwonjezera pamwamba maudindo akuluakulu, komanso amatha kupanga mbewu zina kumapangitsanso kukana matenda, kuzizira, chilala kukana. Kafukufuku wochuluka wasonyezanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ndende zoyenera za zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi kungalimbikitse kuyamwa, kutembenuka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya m'zomera. Kupopera mbewu pa nthaka yosowa kutha kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa Vc, shuga wokwanira ndi chiŵerengero cha asidi-asidi wa zipatso za maapulo ndi zipatso za citrus, ndikulimbikitsa kukongola kwa zipatso ndi kukongola. Ikhoza kulepheretsa kupuma mphamvu panthawi yosungiramo ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa kuwonongeka.
Zida zatsopano
Zosowa padziko lapansi ferrite boron okhazikika maginito chuma, ndi mkulu otsalira maginito, mkulu mafupa mphamvu ndi mkulu maginito kudzikundikira mphamvu ndi makhalidwe ena, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makampani zamagetsi ndi Zamlengalenga ndi kuyendetsa makina opangira mphepo (makamaka oyenera m'mphepete mwa nyanja magetsi zomera); - Magetsi a aluminiyamu ndi galasi la niobium lopangidwa kuchokera ku zirconium yoyera kwambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zida zolimba za laser; ma boroncans osowa padziko lapansi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zida za cathodic zotulutsa pakompyuta; niobium nickel metal ndi chinthu chatsopano chosungiramo haidrojeni m'ma 1970; ndi chromic acid ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwa thermoelectric material Pakalipano, zipangizo zamakono zopangidwa ndi niobium-based oxides ndi kusintha kwa mpweya wa niobium padziko lapansi zimatha kupeza ma superconductors mumadzi otentha a nayitrogeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitukuko cha superconducting zipangizo. Kuonjezera apo, maiko osowa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga kuwala monga phosphors, phosphors yowonjezera chophimba, phosphors yamitundu itatu, ufa wojambula zithunzi (koma chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa mitengo yosowa padziko lapansi, kotero kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kuunikira kunachepa pang'onopang'ono), mapiritsi owonetsera kanema wawayilesi ndi zinthu zina zamagetsi; Itha kuwonjezera zotuluka zake ndi 5 mpaka 10%, mumakampani opanga nsalu, chloride yosowa padziko lapansi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pakuwotcha ubweya, utoto waubweya, utoto waubweya ndi utoto wapamphasa, ndipo nthaka yosowa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito posinthira zida zamagalimoto kuti achepetse zoipitsa zazikulu mu injini yotulutsa mpweya kukhala zinthu zopanda poizoni.
Mapulogalamu ena
Zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zama digito kuphatikiza zowonera, kujambula, kulumikizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zama digito, kuti zikwaniritse zomwe zili zing'onozing'ono, mwachangu, zopepuka, zogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi zina zambiri zofunika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku mphamvu zobiriwira, chithandizo chamankhwala, kuyeretsa madzi, zoyendetsa ndi zina.