1, tanthauzo la zida za nyukiliya
Mokulira, zinthu za nyukiliya ndi gawo limodzi la zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pantchito zamakono, kuphatikizapo mafuta a nyukiliya komanso zida zamagetsi, mwachitsanzo.
Zomwe zimadziwika kuti zida za nyukiliya zimatengera zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana a riyakitala, zimadziwikanso kuti ndi zida zamaboma. Zipangizo za riyakitala zimaphatikizapo mafuta a nyukiliya omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi bomba la nyukiliya, zowonjezera m'mafuta a enclen, zowongolera zida zodzitchinjiriza zomwe zimalepheretsa neutronen kusiyanitsa.
2, mgwirizano wogwirizana pakati pa zojambula zapadziko lapansi komanso zida za nyukiliya
Monazi, wotchedwanso Phoscocrite ndi Phoshocrite, ndi mchere wofala mu michere yapakati pa rondene rock ndi mwala wa metamorphic. Monazi ndi amodzi mwa michere yayikulu ya chitsulo chambiri padziko lapansi, komanso mwala wina wokhazikika. Chikasu chofiirira, chachikaso, chomwe chimakhala chopanda mafuta, chopanda mafuta, cleavage, mohs kulimba kwa 5-5, komanso mphamvu yokoka ya 4.9-5.5.
Mafuta akuluakulu amtundu wina wapadziko lapansi woponderezedwa ku China ndi a Moncheng, Hubei, Yunai, Mengria, Yunnan, Gunan, Gunnan. Komabe, polowa m'malo mwa mtundu wa Great Rirser padziko lapansi nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi tanthauzo lachuma. Miyala yokhayo yokha nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zinthu zokhuza zabwino komanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malonda azigwiritsa ntchito plutonium.
3, mwachidule zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi kunyukisi ndi chivundikiro cha nyukiliya zimachokera pakuwunikira patent
Pambuyo pa mawu ofunikira a zinthu zofunika kwambiri padziko lapansi, amaphatikizidwa ndi makiyi owonjezera ndi manambala a chilengedwe cha nyukiliya komanso kusintha kwa nyukiliya, ndikusaka mu database. Tsiku losaka lili ndi August 24, 2020. 4827 Patronts 4837 Patnts adalandira pambuyo pa kubereka kosavuta, ndipo ma Parant 4673 adatsimikiziridwa pambuyo pochepetsa phokoso.
Zogwiritsa ntchito zapakhomo za dziko lapansi mu gawo la chilengedwe cha Nyukiliya kapena kuphatikizidwa kwa mayiko / zigawo za ku Japan, makamaka ku United States ndi Russia zikupitilirabe gawo ili. Zaka zambiri (Chithunzi 1).
Chithunzi 1 Kugwiritsa ntchito ma Pasicnology a Tentronogy yokhudzana ndi kuvota dziko lapansi mu chilengedwe cha nyukiliya komanso kuphatikizika kwa nyukiliya m'maiko / zigawo
Itha kuwoneka kuchokera pakuwunikira mitu yaukadaulo yomwe kugwiritsa ntchito dziko lapansi kwa zida za nyukiliya ndi chivundikiro, zida zamagetsi, zida zotetezera, neutron kulowetsedwa.
4, ntchito zapadera ndi kafukufuku wa Kent yofunika kwambiri padziko lapansi zinthu zanyukiliya
Pakati pawo, mabungwe anyukiliya ndi chilengedwe cha nyukiliya zimachitika chifukwa cha nyukiliya ndizamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo zofuna zake ndizokhwima. Pakadali pano, mphamvu zamagetsi zimapangidwa makamaka chivundikiro cha Nyukictar, ndipo mofukizira toucation zitha kutchuka kwambiri patatha zaka 50. Kugwiritsa ntchitodziko lapansizinthu mu riyakitala; M'magawo enieni a nyukiliya, zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyendetsa ndodo; Kuphatikiza apo,sinandiumwagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu radiochemistry mafakitale.
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Mu mphamvu zojambula, zotsalazo zotsalira za cores zatsopano nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitali. Makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kuzungulira koyamba, pomwe mafuta onse anyukiliya omwe ali pachimake ndi atsopano, kukhazikitsidwa kotsalira ndikokwera kwambiri. Pakadali pano, podalira ndodo zowonjezera zowongolera kuti zithandizire kukhazikika kotsalira kumayambitsa ndodo zambiri. ROD iliyonse yoyendetsa (kapena rod mtolo) imafanana ndi kuyambitsa makina ovuta kuyendetsa. Kumbali inayo, izi zimawonjezera mtengo, ndipo kumbali inayo, kutsegula mabowo mumutu wopanikizika kumatha kuchepa kwamphamvu. Sikuti ndizosagwirizana kwenikweni, koma siziloledwa kukhala ndi mawonekedwe enaake ndi mphamvu yolimba mutu. Komabe, popanda kuwonjezera ndodo zowongolera, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma soxins (monga Boric acid) kuti abwezeretse zotsalazo. Pankhaniyi, ndizosavuta kuti a Boron omwe akugwira ntchito kudutsa khomo, ndipo kutentha kwa kutentha kwa oyang'anira adzakhala ndi chiyembekezo.
Popewa mavuto omwe atchulidwa kale, kuphatikiza kwa zowawa zoyaka, ndodo zowongolera, ndi chiwongolero chowongolera cha mankhwala nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira.
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Zojambula zimafunikira magawo a zigawo ndi zinthu zamafuta kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu, kukana kuwonongeka, komanso kukhazikika kwa matenthedwe, ngakhalenso kupewa zinthu zopanda chitetezo kuti zisalowe mu kozizira.
1) .Trarer lapansi
Mikhalidwe ya nyukiliya ili ndi zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri komanso zamankhwala, ndipo chilichonse chomwe chimapangitsanso kuti riyakiyo ikhalenso ndi zitsulo zapadera zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Zinthu zamtundu wapadera padziko lapansi ali ndi zovuta zapadera pa chitsulo, makamaka kuphatikiza kuyeretsa, metalikali, kutengera kutengera kutengera kuchuluka kwa kutukudwa. Dziko loipa lomwe lili ndi zitsulo limagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'Chipangizo chankhondo.
Zotsatira: Kafukufuku yemwe alipo wasonyeza kuti padziko lapansi ali ndi chitsuko chabwino pa chitsulo chosungunuka. Izi ndichifukwa choti zapamwamba zamtundu uliwonse zimatha kuchitira zinthu zovulaza monga mpweya wabwino ndi sulufule mu chitsulo chosungunula kuti mupange mafuta okwera kutentha. Mafuta owiritsa amatha kuwongoleredwa ndikuchotsedwa mu mawonekedwe achitsulo chisanachotsere, potero kuchepetsa zodetsa mu chitsulo chosungunula.
② Metamorphism: Komabe, oxides, sulfides kapena oxsulsudes opangidwa ndi zomwe nthaka yachiwiri ndi yoipa monga mpweya wosungunuka mosungunuka. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo achinkhanira a Nuterious polimba kwa chitsulo chosungunula, motero kukonza mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo.
③ Ngati timira dziko lapansi: Popeza ma atomiki a dziko lapansi adziko lapansi ndi okulirapo kuposa a atomu wachitsulo, dziko lapansi lili ndi zapamwamba. Pakampani yolimba ya mbewa yosungunula, zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi zimalemekezedwa pamalire a chimanda, zomwe zingachepetse tsankho lazodetsa pamalire, motero kulimbikitsa njira yothetsera njira ndikusewera gawo lolimba. Kumbali inayi, chifukwa cha ma hydrogen osungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe zamtundu, amatha kuyamwa harrogen, motero kusintha kwamphamvu kwa hydrogen ya chitsulo.
Kupititsa patsogolo kuwononga chipolopolo: Kuwonjezera kwa zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi kumathandizanso kukana zitsulo. Izi ndichifukwa choti padziko lapansi zimakhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera kwa anthu osowa kwambiri kumatha kukhala kotheka kusapanga dzimbiri, potero kumapititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa chitsulo.
2). Phunziro la Part
Patenti yofunika: Patent yopanga oxade yolimbikitsidwa chitsulo ndi njira yake yokonzekera ndi Institute ndi Zitsulo Zasayansi
Patent Abstoct: Kuperekanso kwa oxide oxide adalimbitsa chitsulo chotsika chovomerezeka cha zinthu ndi matrix 10.0% ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ 0.3%, 0.03% ≤ ≤ 0.2%, 0.1 ≤ mn ≤ 0.6%, ndi 0,05% ≤ 0.5%.
Zopanga: Fe-CR-CR-MN Mayi alloy smelling, ufa utomition, mafuta apamwamba kwambiri a mayi alloy ndiY2o3 nanoparlecleUfa wosakanikirana, ufa wophimba m'zigawo, Kukulunga kwamphamvu, kugunda kotentha, ndi kutentha kwa kutentha.
Njira Yoyeserera Yapadziko Lonse Yowonjezera Dziko: Onjezerani NanoscaleY2o3tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga ufa wapamwamba kwambiri wa mpira wamphamvu, ndi mipira yolimba ya mpira wa 99.99).
3). Amapanga kupanga zida zoteteza neutron
① Mfundo ya neutron radiation
Nitrons ndi zigawo za atomiki a Atomiki, okhala ndi chikhazikitso cha 1.675 × 10-27kg, omwe ali 1838 nthawi zamagetsi. Mutu wake ndi pafupifupi 0,8 × 10-15m, ofanana kukula kwa proton, ofanana ndi γ misewu yomwe ili chimodzimodzi. Nyumbidzo zikalumikizana ndi zinthu, zimacheza ndi mphamvu za nyukiliya mkati mwa nyuzipepala, ndipo musayanjane ndi ma elekitoni m'chipinda chakunja.
Ndi kukula kwaukadaulo wambiri wa eclicy ndi nuckihy rikiti ya nyukiliya, komanso chidwi chachikulu chaperekedwa ku nyukiliya chitetezo cha nyukiliya komanso chitetezo cha nyukiliya. Pofuna kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha radiation kwa omwe agwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitchinjiriza kwa nthawi yayitali, ndizofunikira kwambiri zasayansi komanso kufunika kwachuma komanso kufunika kwachuma kuti mukhale ndi zovala zotchinga zovala zotchinga. Ma radiation neutron ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri la ma rikitala a nyukiliya. Nthawi zambiri, ma neutrons ambiri omwe akukumana ndi anthu akhala akuchedwetsa a nduna yamphamvu kwambiri pambuyo pa neutron atateteza mphamvu mkati mwa zida zapamwamba za nyukiliya. Mphamvu zochepa zamphamvu zidzagundana ndi nuclei ndi nambala yotsika ya atomu motero ndikupitilizabe. Ma neutroni oyenda oyenda amatha kuyanjana ndi zinthu zophatikizika ndi zigawo zazikulu za neutron, ndipo pamapeto pake a Neu Mlandu akutetezedwa.
② Phunziro lalikulu la Patent
Wokongoletsa ndi wokakamiranyama yapadziko lapansigadoliniumZotengera zitsulo zomangika zitsulo zimawonjezera kuyenerera kwawo ndi polyethylene, kulimbikitsa zinthu zophatikizika kuti zikhale ndi zinthu zapamwamba za gadolinium ndi gadolinium. Zolemba zapamwamba za gadolinium ndikubalalitsa zimakhudza mwachindunji neutron yoteteza magwiridwe antchito azosakanikira.
Patent yofunika: Hefei Institute of Science Science, Deapean Academy of Sayansi, Patennel Port of Gadolinium yopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe otetezedwa ndi njira yake
Patent ya patent: GASolinium yochokera pazitsulo zopangidwa ndi mafupa osokoneza bongogadoliniumKutengera zitsulo zachitsulo zopangidwa ndi polyethylene mu gawo lolemera la 2: 1: 10 ndikupanga kudzera mu zosungunulira kapena kusinthana kotentha. Gadolinium wophatikizidwa wachitsulo skeleton cortonite zida zotetezera zimakhala ndi zolimba kwambiri ndi matenthedwe a neutroden.
Njira Yopanga: Kusankha Zosiyanasiyanachitsulo cha gadoliniumMchere ndi ma rigands okonda kukonzekera ndi kulowetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gadolinium yokhazikitsidwa ndi ma spileton, ethanol, kapena madzi owiritsa, ndikuwalimbikitsa pamtunda wowirikiza zomwe zidalipo pazitsulo za gadolinium; The Gadolinium wopangidwa ndi mafupa okonzedwa mu sitepe amalimbikitsidwa ndi polyethylene odzola kuthamanga, kapena gulu la gadolinium yopangidwa ndi ma skeleton olemera kwambiri pamtunda wa polyethylene pamtunda wokwanira; Ikani gadolinium yosakanikirana yophatikizika yophatikizika ya zitsulo / polyethylene osakaniza mu nkhungu, ndipo pezani gulu la gadolinium yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhazikitsidwa ndi kuwuma kuti lithetse kapena kulimbikitsa; The GADolinium yakonzedwa yokonzekereratu ya zitsulo zopangira mafupa zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotetezeka, makina apamwamba, komanso zotchinga zapamwamba zozungulira poyerekeza ndi zida zoyera poyerekeza ndi polyethylene.
Zosowa Zadziko Lonse Zowonjezera: GD2 (BHC) (H2o) 6, GDC) (BDC) 2 kapena GD) 1GD (NO3) 3 • 6h2o kapena GDCL3 • 6h2ondi organic Carboxttet kegander; Kukula kwa gadolinium yochokera ku tebuloni yachitsulo chopangidwa ndi 50nm-2 μ m; gebolinium yotengera zitsulo zopangidwa ndi ma morfolor, kuphatikizapo mawonekedwe a glanlar, kapena singano.
(4) Kugwiritsa ntchitoSinandiumMu radiochemistry ndi makonda anyukiliya
Chitsulo cha scanda chitsulo chimakhala chokhazikika pamafuta komanso kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri mu malonda a atomiki mphamvu.
Patent patent: China Awespace Institute Institute of Aeronautical Centers, Internel Part ya Aluminium Zicneum Scandaum ndi njira yake
Patent osavomerezeka: aluminium zincMagnesium scandaum aloyndi njira yake yokonzekera. Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala ndi kulemera kwa magneum a aluminium zinc shandium sloy ndi: Mg 1.5%, z0.5%, zr.3%, z. Zoyipa zonse ≤ 0.15%, ndi kuchuluka kotsalira ndi al. Microstrums ya aluminium incium incium innium iloy zinthu ndi yunifolomu ndipo ntchito yake imakhala yokhazikika, yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yoposa 350MPA, ndi mphamvu yayikulu yoposa 370msa ya mafupa olima. Zinthu zakuthupi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zojambula mu Aerospace, makampani opanga nyukiliya, mayendedwe, masewera olimbitsa thupi, zida ndi minda ina.
Njira Yopanga: Gawo 1, polingana ndi zomwe zili pamwambazi pamwambapa; Gawo 2: Sungunulani mu ng'anjo yonunkhira pamtunda wa 700 ℃ ~ 780 ℃; Gawo 3: yeretsani mafuta achitsulo osungunuka kwathunthu, ndikusunga kutentha kwachitsulo mkati mwa 700 ℃ ~ 750 ℃ poyenga; Gawo 4: Pambuyo potumulira, ziyenera kuloledwa kuimirira; Gawo 5: Mukayimilira kwathunthu, yambirani kuponyera, sumalani kutentha kwa dothi mkati mwa 690 ℃ ~ 730 ℃, ndipo liwiro loponyera ndi 15-200mm / mphindi; Gawo 6: Chitani Brogenization Chithandizo Chithandizo cha Alloy inding mu ng'anjo yotentha, ndi kutentha kwa homogenization kwa 400 ℃ ~ ℃; Gawo 7: Sesetsani ingnosed ingnot ndikuchita zowonjezera kuti apange maperekedwe ndi makhoma oposa 2.0mm. Panthawi yopitilira, billelet iyenera kusungidwa ndi kutentha 350 ℃ mpaka 410 ℃; Gawo 8: Finyani mbiri yankhong yokhomerera mankhwala, ndi kutentha kwa njira 460-480 ℃; Gawo 9: Atatha maola 72 njira yolimba amangothamangitsa, kukakamiza kukalamba. Makina okalamba ndi awa: 90 ~ 110 ℃ / Maola 24 + 170 ~ maola 5 ~ 10 ~ maola 11,000 + 155 ~ 155 ~ maola 10.
5, chidule cha kafukufuku
Pa zolengedwa zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mawu anyukiliya ndi chilengedwe cha nyukiliya, ndipo khalani ndi mapangidwe ambiri owoneka bwino ngati X-ray. Ponena za zinthuya a riyakitala, zolengedwa zamtundu uliwonse zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zogwirizira ndi zida zofananira, zida zowongolera ndi zida za neutronen kuteteza.
Post Nthawi: Meyi-26- 2023