Zirconium chloride, amadziwikanso kutizirconium (IV) kloride or ZrCl4, ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana komanso kafukufuku wa sayansi.Ndi woyera crystalline olimba ndi chilinganizo maselo aZrCl4ndi molekyu yolemera 233.09 g/mol.Zirconium chlorideimagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri, kuyambira zopangira ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala mpaka kupanga zoumba ndi magalasi.M’nkhani ino, tiona mmenezirconium chlorideamapangidwa.
Kaphatikizidwe wazirconium chloridekumakhudza zomwe zimachitika pakatizirconium oxidekapena zirconium zitsulo ndi hydrogen chloride.Zirconia (ZrO2) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zoyambira chifukwa cha kupezeka kwake komanso kukhazikika.Zomwezo zitha kuchitika pamaso pa wothandizira kuchepetsa monga kaboni kapena hydrogen kuti alimbikitse kutembenuka kwazirconium oxide ndintozirconium zitsulo.
Choyamba,zirconiaimasakanizidwa ndi chochepetsera ndikuyikidwa muchotengera chochitira.Mpweya wa hydrogen chloride umalowetsedwa mu chotengera chotengera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zichitike.Zomwezo zitha kukhala zowopsa, kutanthauza kuti zimatulutsa kutentha, ndipo ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti pasakhale zoopsa zilizonse.Zomwe zimachitika pakatizirconium oxidendi hydrogen chloride ndi motere:
ZrO2 + 4HCl → ZrCl4 + 2H2O
Zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimachitika pa kutentha kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 400 ndi 600 digiri Celsius, kuonetsetsa kutembenuka kwathunthu kwazirconium oxidekuzirconium chloride.Zomwezo zimapitilira mpaka zonsezirconium oxideimatembenuzidwa kwathunthu kukhalazirconium (IV) chloridendi madzi.
Pamene anachita uli wathunthu, chifukwa osakaniza ndi utakhazikika ndizirconium chloridewasonkhanitsidwa.Komabe,zirconium chloridenthawi zambiri imakhala mu mawonekedwe a hydrated, kutanthauza kuti imakhala ndi mamolekyu amadzi mumtundu wake wa kristalo.Kupezaanhydrous zirconium chloride, madzizirconium chlorideNthawi zambiri amatenthedwa kapena kupukuta zouma kuchotsa mamolekyu amadzi.
Chiyero chazirconium chloridendizofunikira pamapulogalamu apadera.Chifukwa chake, njira zowonjezera zoyeretsera zitha kufunikira kuti muchotse zonyansa zilizonse kapena chinyezi.Njira zodziyeretsera zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo sublimation, fractional crystallization, ndi distillation.Njirazi zimatha kuchotsazirconium chloride yapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamafakitale osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza zamagetsi ndi zida zanyukiliya.
Powombetsa mkota,zirconium chlorideamapangidwa ndi zomwezirconium oxidendi hydrogen chloride.Izi zimafuna kuwongolera zinthu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimachitika pa kutentha kwambiri.Zotsatira zakezirconium chloridenthawi zambiri imapezeka mu mawonekedwe a hydrated, ndi njira zowonjezera zomwe zimafunikira kuti mupeze anhydrous zirconium chloride.Njira zoyeretsera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti mupeze zoyerazirconium chloridekwa mapulogalamu apadera.Kupanga kwazirconium chloridendi njira yofunika kwambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana komanso kafukufuku wasayansi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-10-2023