Kuwaladziko losowandi heavydziko losowa
·Kuwaladziko losowa
·Lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium,neodymium, promethium,samarium, europium, gadolinium.
· Zolemeradziko losowa
·Terbium,dysprosium,holmium, erbium,thulium,ytterbium, lutetium, scandium,ndiyttrium.
Kutengera ndi mawonekedwe a mchere, imatha kugawidwa kukhalaceriumgroup ndiyttriumgulu
·Ceriumgulu (lightdziko losowa)
·Lanthanum,cerium,praseodymium,neodymium, promethium,samarium,europium.
Gulu la Yttrium (dziko lapansi lolemera kwambiri)
·Gadolinium, terbium,dysprosium,holmium,erbium,thulium,ytterbium,lutetium,scandium,ndiyttrium.
Wambadziko losowazinthu
·Wambamayiko osowaamagawidwa kukhala: monazite, bastnaesite,yttriumphosphate, leaching type ore, ndi lanthanum vanadium limonite.
Monazite
·Monazite, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti phosphocerium lanthanide ore, imapezeka mu granite ndi granite pegmatite;Osowa zitsulo carbonate thanthwe;Mu quartzite ndi quartzite;Mu Yunxia syenite, feldspar aegirite, ndi alkaline syenite pegmatite;Mitsempha yamtundu wa Alpine;Mu thanthwe losakanikirana ndi kutumphuka kwanyengo ndi mchenga wa mchenga.Chifukwa chakuti gwero lalikulu la monazite lomwe lili ndi phindu la migodi yachuma ndi alluvial kapena mchenga wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, limagawidwa makamaka m'mphepete mwa Australia, Brazil, ndi India.Kuphatikiza apo, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, South Africa, Malaysia, China, Thailand, South Korea, North Korea ndi malo ena onse ali ndi ma depositi olemera a monazite, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa zinthu zapadziko lapansi.M'zaka zaposachedwa, kupanga kwa monazite kwawonetsa kutsika, makamaka chifukwa cha radioactive thorium element mu ore yake, yomwe imawononga chilengedwe.
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi katundu: (Ce, La, Y, Th) [PO4].Zolemba zake zimasiyana kwambiri.Zomwe zili muosowa nthaka oxidesmu kapangidwe ka mchere amatha kufika 50-68%.Zosakaniza za isomorphic zikuphatikizapo Y, Th, Ca, [SiO4], ndi [SO4].
Monazite imasungunuka mu H3PO4, HClO4, ndi H2SO4.
· Kapangidwe ka kristalo ndi morphology: monoclinic crystal system, rhombic columnar crystal mtundu.Krustalo imapanga mawonekedwe ngati mbale, ndipo pamwamba pa kristalo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mikwingwirima kapena mikwingwirima, yowoneka bwino, kapena yowoneka bwino.
·Maonekedwe ake: Ndi yachikasu bulauni, yofiirira, yofiira, ndipo nthawi zina imakhala yobiriwira.Semi transparent mpaka transparent.Mikwingwirima imakhala yoyera kapena yofiira yofiira.Ili ndi kuwala kwagalasi kolimba.Kulimba 5.0-5.5.Embrittlement.Mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni imachokera ku 4.9 mpaka 5.5.Ma electromagnetic ofooka pang'ono.Kutulutsa kuwala kobiriwira pansi pa X-ray.Sizimatulutsa kuwala pansi pa kuwala kwa cathode.
Yttriumphosphate miyala
· Phosphorousyttriumore amapangidwa makamaka mu granite, granite pegmatite, komanso mu granite yamchere ndi ma depositi okhudzana ndi mchere.Amapangidwanso mu placers.Kugwiritsa ntchito: Kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mchere wopangira mcheredziko losowazinthu zikalemeretsedwa mochuluka.
·Mapangidwe amankhwala ndi katundu: Y [PO4].Zolemba zake zimakhala ndiY2O361.4% ndi P2O5 38.6%.Pali osakaniza ayttriumguludziko losowazinthu, makamakaytterbium, erbium, dysprosium,ndigadolinium.Zinthu mongazirconium, uranium, ndi thorium akadali m'maloyttrium, pamenesiliconKomanso m'malo phosphorous.Nthawi zambiri, zili uranium mu phosphorousyttriumore ndi wamkulu kuposa thorium.The mankhwala katundu wayttriumphosphate ore ndi okhazikika.Kapangidwe ka Crystal ndi morphology: tetragonal crystal system, zovuta za tetragonal biconical crystal type, mu granular ndi block form.
Thupi katundu: chikasu, pabuka bulauni, nthawi zina chikasu wobiriwira, komanso bulauni kapena kuwala bulauni.Mikwingwirima yake ndi yobulauni mwamitundu.Galasi wonyezimira, wonyezimira mafuta.Kuuma kwa 4-5, mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni 4.4-5.1, yokhala ndi polychromism yofooka ndi radioactivity.
Lanthanum vanadium epidote
Gulu lochita kafukufuku lochokera ku yunivesite ya Yamaguchi, yunivesite ya Ehime, ndi yunivesite ya Tokyo ku Japan latulutsa chikalata chosonyeza kuti apeza mtundu watsopano wa mchere wokhala ndi nthaka yosowa kwambiri ku Sanchong Prefecture.Dziko lapansi losowazinthu zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusintha mafakitale azikhalidwe komanso kupanga magawo apamwamba kwambiri.Mchere watsopanowu unapezedwa kumapiri a Ise City, Sanchong Prefecture mu April 2011, ndipo ndi mtundu wapadera wa epidote wa bulaunidziko losowa lanthanumndi vanadium yachitsulo yosawerengeka.Pa Marichi 1, 2013, mcherewu udazindikirika ngati mchere watsopano ndi International Association of Mineralogy ndipo adatchedwa "lanthanum vanadium limonite".
Makhalidwe adziko losowaminerals ndi ore morphology
General makhalidwe adziko losowamchere
1, Kusowa kwa sulfides ndi sulfates (ochepa ena okha) kukuwonetsa kuti zinthu zomwe sizipezeka padziko lapansi zimakhala ndi mgwirizano wa okosijeni.
2,Dziko lapansi losowama silicates makamaka amakhala ngati zisumbu, opanda zosanjikiza, chimango ngati, kapena unyolo ngati zomangira;
3, Enadziko losowamchere (makamaka zovuta oxides ndi silicates) amasonyeza amorphous states;
4, Kugawidwa kwadziko losowamchere umapangidwa makamaka ndi silicates ndi oxides mu magmatic miyala ndi pegmatites, pamene fluorocarbonates ndi phosphates makamaka kupezeka hydrothermal ndi weathered kutumphuka madipoziti;Ambiri mwa mchere wolemera mu yttrium amapezeka mu granite monga miyala ndi pegmatites yogwirizana, mpweya wopangidwa ndi hydrothermal deposits, ndi hydrothermal deposits;
5,Dziko lapansi losowazinthu nthawi zambiri zimakhala mu mchere womwewo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo a atomiki, mankhwala ndi ma crystal chemical properties.Ndiko kuti,ceriumndiyttrium dziko losowazinthu nthawi zambiri zimakhala mu mchere womwewo, koma zinthuzi sizikhala mu kuchulukana kofanana.Mchere wina umapangidwa makamaka ndicerium dziko losowazinthu, pamene ena amapangidwa makamakayttrium.
Mkhalidwe wa zochitika zadziko losowazinthu mu minerals
Mu chilengedwe,dziko losowaZinthu zimapindula kwambiri ndi granite, miyala ya alkaline, miyala yamchere yamchere, ndi ma deposits ena amchere.Pali zigawo zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimachitikadziko losowazinthu mu mchere malinga ndi mineral crystal chemical analysis.
(1)Dziko lapansi losowazinthu zimatenga nawo gawo mu lattice ya mchere ndikupanga chigawo chofunikira cha mchere.Mtundu uwu wa mchere nthawi zambiri umatchedwa minerals osowa padziko lapansi.Monazite (REPO4) ndi bastnaesite ([La, Ce] FCO3) onse ali m'gululi.
(2)Dziko lapansi losowazinthu zimabalalika mu mchere mu mawonekedwe a isomorphic m'malo zinthu monga Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Zr, etc. Mtundu uwu wa mchere ndi wochuluka mu chilengedwe, komadziko losowaZomwe zili mu mchere wambiri ndizochepa.muliDziko lapansi losowafluorite ndi apatite ali m'gulu ili.
(3)Dziko lapansi losowazinthu zimapezeka pamwamba kapena pakati pa tinthu tating'ono ta mchere mu ionic adsorption state.Mtundu uwu wa mchere ndi wa mchere wamtundu wa weathering crust leaching, ndipo ma ions osowa padziko lapansi amapangidwa ndi miyala ya mchere ndi miyala ya mchere isanagwe.
Ponena.Wapakati zilidziko losowazinthu mu kutumphuka ndi 165.35 × 10-6 (Li Tong, 1976).Mu chilengedwe,dziko losowazinthu zimakhalapo makamaka mu mawonekedwe a mchere umodzi, ndidziko losowama minerals ndi minerals omwe ali nawodziko losowazinthu zomwe zapezeka padziko lapansi
Pali mitundu yopitilira 250 yazinthu, kuphatikizadziko losowazomwe zili Σ Pali mitundu 50-65 ya minerals osowa padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi REE> 5.8%, omwe amatha kuonedwa ngati odziyimira pawokha.dziko losowamchere.Chofunikadziko losowamchere makamaka fluorocarbonate ndi phosphate.
Mwa mitundu yopitilira 250 yadziko losowama minerals ndi minerals omwe ali nawodziko losowazinthu zomwe zapezeka, pali mchere wopitilira 10 wamafakitale womwe ukuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndizitsulo zamakono.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-03-2023