AMafanizo wamba ndikuti ngati mafuta ndi magazi a mafakitale, ndiye kuti padziko lapansi ndi vitamini wamakampani.
Dziko loipa ndi chidule cha gulu la zitsulo. Zinthu zapansi pa dziko lapansi, Ree) adapezeka wina kuyambira wina kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18. Pali mitundu 17 ya Ree, kuphatikiza kwa lantanides 15 pazakudya zamankhwala zamankhwala - Lanthanum (LE), ND), a Praceodmium (PM), PROMETHMIum (PM), PROMETHMIum (PM), PR), PROMETHMIum (PM), petrochemicals. Pafupifupi zaka 3-5, asayansi amatha kudziwa zatsopano za dziko lapansi, ndipo chimodzi mwazinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zilizonse sizingapatsidwe ndi dziko lapansi wamba.
China imakhala ndi mchere wambiri wambiri, yomwe imayamba m'miyendo itatu: woyamba kusungitsa chuma, amawerengera pafupifupi 23%; Kutulutsa koyambirira, kuwerengera 80% mpaka 90% ya zinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi; Buku Logulitsa ndi loyamba, lokhala ndi 60% mpaka 70% ya zinthu zomwe zimachitika padziko lapansi pano zimatumizidwa kunja. Nthawi yomweyo, China ndiye dziko lokhalo lomwe lingapereke mitundu yonse yaitali ya padziko lapansi, makamaka yapakatikati komanso yolimba komanso yolimba kwambiri ndi ntchito yankhondo.
RKodi dziko lapansi ndi zofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimadziwika kuti "mafakitale monodium glutamate" ndi "mayi wa zatsopano", ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu sayansi yakale komanso ukadaulo wankhondo. Malinga ndi ulaliki wa mafakitale ndi ukadaulo wazomwe zimagwira ntchito monga maginito okhazikika padziko lapansi, makina a hydrockical, makina atsopano, chitetezo chambiri, chitetezo chambiri, .
Pofika mu 1983, Japan idayambitsa dongosolo la macherero a mchere wosowa, ndipo 83% ya anthu ake osowa omwe adachokera ku China.
Tayang'anani pa United States kachiwiri, dziko lake loipali limakhala lachiwiri lokha ku China kokha, koma anthu ake onse obisika ndi oundalira onse owopsa, omwe adagawika m'thumba loipali ndi nthaka yowala. Anthu okhala ndi anthu olemera kwambiri ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo dziko loipali ndilosalankhulo. 80% ya ife tokha padziko lapansi zimachokera ku China.
Comrade Deng Xiaopeng nthawi ina anati: "Pali mafuta ku Middle East ndi osowa kwambiri ku China." Tanthauzo la mawu ake ndikudziwonekera nokha. Padziko lapansi sikuti "Msg" ya 1/5 yapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi, komanso chip chofunda champhamvu cha China padziko lapansi chikukambirana m'tsogolo. Tetezani komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwasayansi padziko lapansi pano, zakhala njira yadziko yambiri ya anthu omwe ali ndi zolinga zapamwamba m'zaka zaposachedwa kuti ateteze zinthu zamtengo wapatali zachilengedwe kuti zisagulitsidwe ndi mayiko akumadzulo. Mu 1992, Deng Xaopring adanena momveka bwino za China ngati dziko lalikulu la dziko lapansi.
Mndandanda wazogwiritsa ntchito Zazikulu 17
1 lanthanum imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zisonyezo ndi mafilimu olima
Cerium imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pagalasi yamagalimoto
3 Prasewymium imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'matumba a ceramic
Newdymium imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo a Arospace
Ma alamba 5 amapereka othandizira mphamvu zothandiza pa Satellites
Kugwiritsa kwa 6 Samarium mu Atomic Enercy Arckir
Mafuta 7 opanga europium ndi mawonekedwe a galasi lamadzi
Gadolinium 8 chifukwa cha magiltic cartic
9 Thbium 9 imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndege ya ndege
10 Erbium imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu malo a laser munkhondo
Ma Dysprprium amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magetsi owunikira ndi kusindikiza
12 Holmium imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zida zolankhulirana
13 Thulium imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa matenda ndi chithandizo cha zotupa
14 ytterbium zowonjezera pakompyuta
Kugwiritsa ntchito 15 lutetium muukadaulo wa batiri
16 yttrium imapanga mawaya ndi ndege za ndege
Scandarium nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zonena
Zambiri ndi izi:
1
Lanthanum (LA)
Mu Nkhondo ya Gulf, Chipangizo cha Maso Akusiku Omwera Dziko Lapansi Lanthanum lidakhala gwero lochulukirapo la tanks ku US.Athunzi pamwambapa zikuwonetsa Lanthanum chloride ufa(Mapu a data)
Lanthanum imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu piezoelectric zida, zida zamagetsi, zida zamagetsi, zida zamagetsi, zida zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku Lantanum "Super Calcium" za zimakhudza mbewu.
2
Ceum (CE)
Cerium ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira, arc electrode ndi galasi lapadera la.ceracium limatha kutentha kwambiri ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matenthedwe(Mapu a data)
. Mu 1996, osachepera 2000 matani a Criaia adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galasi lagalimoto, ndi matani opitilira 1000 ku United States.
. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Crium ku United States kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kumwalila kwathunthu padziko lapansi.
. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa mapulasitiki, zokutira, inki ndi mafakitale apepala.AT, kampani yotsogola ndi French RHOON RHOne.
(4) CE: Njira ya laseji ya laseji ndi laser yolimba yopangidwa ndi United States. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwona zida zachilengedwe ndi mankhwala powunikira tryptophan, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yambiri. Pafupifupi zinthu zonse zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi pano zimakhala ndi ufa wopukutira, zopangira ma hymorogen, zopangira ma ceraum, zitsulo zokhazikika, zosokoneza bongo komanso zosasangalatsa zitsulo.
3
Praseymium (pr)
Prageewymium Newdymium Aloy
(1) Praseymium imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga ma ceramics komanso kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Itha kusakanikirana ndi matenda a cerac kuti apange glaze, ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati pigmoment. Ma pigment ndi opepuka achikaso ndi oyera komanso okongola.
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Newdymium (ND)
Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani m1 thanki ikhoza kupezeka koyamba?(Mapu a data)
Kubadwa kwa Pragesoodmuum, Ninymium kunayamba kukhala. Kubwera ku Newdymium kunayambitsa munda wamoyo wanthawi zonse, kunathandiza kwambiri m'munda wachiwiri, ndipo anachititsa msika womwewo.
Newdymium yakhala malo otentha pamsika kwa zaka zambiri chifukwa chokhala padera kumunda wa dziko lapansi. Wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ku Newdymium Media ndi NDFAB yamuyaya. Kubwera kwa maginito osatha a NDFF adagwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Maginito a NDFF amatchedwa "mfumu yazambiri zamagetsi" chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi yokhazikika. Kukula kwabwino kwa alpha magletrometer kumawonetsa kuti maginito a NDFFOB ku China alowa padziko lapansi. Newdymium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazida zosafanana. Kuonjezera 1.5-2.5% Nyunmentium mu magnesium kapena aluminium aluya amatha kukonza kutentha kwambiri, kukhazikika kwa mpweya ndi zida za Allos. Kuphatikiza apo, Newymium-dopydium-yttrium aluminium adyene amapanga mtengo wochepa, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powonjeza ndikudula zinthu zopyapyala ndi makulidwe pansi pa 10mmm. Mu chithandizo chamankhwala, ND: Yag laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa opaleshoni kapena mankhwalawa mankhwala m'malo mwa scalpel. Newdymium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati galasi lokongoletsa komanso zinthu zadothi komanso monga zowonjezera pazinthu za mphira.
5
Trollium (PM)
Thupium ndi chinthu chopangidwa mwaluso chomwe chimapangidwa ndi nyukiliya (Map)
(1) Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la kutentha. Perekani opindulitsa othandiza kuti asapeze salpillite ya satellite.
. Monga mphamvu zoperekera zida zowongolera ndi mawotchi. Batiri lamtunduwu ndi laling'ono kukula ndipo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosalekeza kwa zaka zingapo. Kuphatikiza apo, promethium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu chida chonyamula X ray, kukonzekera phosphoro, kukula kwa makulidwe ndi nyali ya Beoni.
6
Samarium (SM)
Sankarium wa Metarium (Map)
SM ndi yopepuka chikasu, ndipo ndi zopangira zamatsenga zosatha, ndipo SM-CI-CI-CAMENE NDI MALO OGWIRITSIRA NTCHITO YOPHUNZITSIRA MALO OGULITSIRA. Pali mitundu iwiri yamitundu yokhazikika: SMCA5 System ndi SM2Co17. Kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 1970, kachitidweko kanapangidwa, ndipo makina a SM2Co17 adapangidwa munthawi yamtsogolo. Tsopano kufunikira kwake kumaperekedwa patsogolo. Kuyera kwa Samariya oxide ku Samarium Cobalt Magnet sikuyenera kukhala lalikulu kwambiri. Poganizira mtengo wake, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 95% ya zinthu. Kuphatikiza apo, Samarium oxide amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu diactors ndi othandizira. Kuphatikiza apo, Samarium ili ndi zida za nyukiliya, zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zopangira, zida zotetezedwa ndi zida zowongolera za atomiki mphamvu, kotero kuti mphamvu yayikulu yomwe idapangidwa ndi chilengedwe cha nyukiliya zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosatekeseka.
7
Europium (EU)
Ma europium oxide (Map)
Europium oxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa maphosgors (Map)
Mu 1901, a Yugene-antolerdemarcay adapeza chinthu chatsopano kuchokera "Samerium", dzina lake Europium. Awa mwina amatchedwa Mawu Europe. Europium oxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa fluoresceste ufa. Eu3 + amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati woyambitsa phosphor, ndi Eue2 + amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati phosophor wabuluu. Tsopano Y2o2S: EU3 + ndiye phosophor yabwino kwambiri yopukutira bwino, yolumikiza yofanana ndi mtengo wobwezeretsanso. Europium oxide yagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati phosphor yolimbikitsa ya X-ray Cardical Dodissis dongosolo laposachedwa. Europium oxide imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa magalasi achikuda ndi zosefera zosungiramo maginito, zimathandizanso maluso ake mu zida zowongolera, zida zotetezera ndi zida zopangira ma atomic.
8
Gadolinium (GD)
Gadolinium ndi isotopes yake ndi zokonda kwambiri za neutron ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotupa za nyukiliya. (Mapa data)
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(4) Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati firiji yolimba ya maginiri popanda choletsa.
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9
Trbium (tb)
Terbium oxide ufa (Map)
Kugwiritsa ntchito Thbichi mwachitsanzo kumaphatikizapo gawo lalikulu laukadaulo, lomwe ndi ntchito yodulira ndi ukadaulo-ukadaulo komanso wodziwa kwambiri, komanso polojekiti yopindulitsa kwambiri yazachuma, ndi zokopa zachilengedwe.
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(2) Zipangizo zosungirako magnetical. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma tribium magnendo-mapesi afika pamlingo wambiri. Magnetic discs opangidwa ndi mafilimu a chifuwa cha TB-FR amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zosungira za makompyuta, komanso kuchuluka kosungirako kumachulukitsidwa ndi 10 ~ 15.
. Makamaka, chitukuko cha tense chatsegula kugwiritsa ntchito terfenol, komwe ndi zatsopano zomwe zapezeka mu 1970s. Hafu ya alloy ili ndi Thypium, nthawi zina ndi Holmium ndi ena onse ndi chitsulo. Pamene terfenol imayikidwa mumunda wamatsenga, kukula kwake kumasintha kuposa zida wamba zamatsenga, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa kuti zizolowezi zitheke. Chitsulo cha Thypoum amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Soniar poyamba, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yambiri pakadali pano.
10
Dy (Dy)
Dysprium yazitsulo (Map)
. M'mbuyomu, kufunikira kwa Dyppium sikunali kwakukulu, koma ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya maginito a Ndfeb, idakhala kokwanira yowonjezera, ndipo kalasi iyenera kukhala pafupifupi 95 ~ 99.9%, ndipo kufunikira kwakekonso, ndipo komwekonso zidawonjezeka mwachangu.
(2) Dysprium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati woyambitsa phosphor. Dysprivant dysprium ndi mwayi wowonjezera ion wa tricolor luminer and lumanescent Center. Zimakhala ndi magulu awiri a mitundu iwiri, imodzi ndi yopepuka yachikaso, inayo ndi yopepuka ya buluu. Zipangizo zowunikira zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi duyprprosium zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maprosror aprospur.
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. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, ntchito zofunsira za dyspriosium idzakulitsidwa ndikukula.
11
Holmium (Ho)
Ho-Fe Aloye (Map)
Pakadali pano, gawo la chitsulo likufunika kupangidwanso, ndipo kumwa sikwakulu. Posachedwa, dziko lapansi lachiwirili likufufuza Institute of Baotou zitsulo zomwe zidapangitsa kutentha kwambiri ndi ukadaulo wambiri wa vacuum Ho /> Re> 99.9% yokhala ndi zodetsa zapadziko lapansi zopanda pake.
Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa malowa ndi:
. Pakadali pano, a Iodider a Iodider a ku Iodides omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, omwe amatulutsa mizere yosiyanasiyana yolowera pomwe magesi amapeza. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyali yachitsulo ndi Qiniodide, kukhazikika kwa ma atomu achitsulo kumatha kupezeka ku ARC Kumalo, chifukwa chake kukonza mwakuwongolera kwamphamvu.
(2) Iron can be used as an additive for recording iron or billion aluminum garnet
. Chifukwa chake, mukamagwiritsa ntchito ho: yanyani laser kuti mugwire ntchito zachipatala, sizingangosintha ntchito yogwira ntchito ndi kulondola, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ku kukula kocheperako. Mbale yaulere yomwe imapangidwa ndi crystal yomwe imatha kuchotsa mafuta osapanga kutentha kwambiri, kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa mafuta a ku United States ku China kwafika ndikupanga mtundu wa laser.
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12
Erbium (er)
Erbium oxide ufa (tchati chidziwitso)
. Pambuyo posangalatsidwa ndi 980nm ndi 1480nm kuwala, nyambo ya nyambo (ER3 + 1) magetsi okwera 4.3 / 2. Quartz chiberekero chitha kufalitsa kuwala kwa magwero osiyanasiyana, komabe, kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe a 1550nm ndi otsika kwambiri. Njira yoyankhulirana molingana ndi mfundo ya laser, chifukwa chake, mu netiweki ya telecom yomwe ikufunika kukulitsa chizindikiro cha 1550nm chowoneka bwino, chimbale cha chimbale cham'maso ndi chida chofunikira. Pakadali pano, nyambo yonyamula silica fiber yakhala yojambulidwa.
(2). Zapangidwa kukhala mtundu wa laser yonyamula yomwe imakhala yotetezeka kwa maso amunthu pakugwiritsa ntchito usilikali.
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(5).
13
Thulium (TM)
Pambuyo pokhala ndi vuto la nyukiliya, matumbo amatulutsa iyotope yomwe imatha kutulutsa x-ray, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati x-ray(Mapu a data)
(1)TM imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ray ya makina onyamula X-ray. Pambuyo pokhala ndi vuto la Nuclear Jackicary,TMAmatulutsa mtundu wa isotope zomwe zimatha kutulutsa x-ray, zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magazi. Mtundu wa radiometer ukhoza kusintha Yu-169 kulowaTM-170 pansi pa chogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso chapakatikati, ndikuwonetsa x-ray ku magazi ndi kuchepetsa magazi oyera ndikuchepetsa maselo oyera. Ndi maselo oyera a m'magazi omwe amayambitsa kukana chiwalo cha ziwalo, kuti muchepetse kukana kwa ziwalo.
(2) (2)TMItha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pakuchipatala ndi chithandizo cha chotupa chifukwa cha ubale wake wa chotupa, dziko lapansi lolimba limagwirizana kwambiri kuposa kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri, makamaka zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri padziko lapansi.
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14
Yterbium (yb)
Zitsulo za YTERSBIum (Map)
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(3) Gawoli lagalasi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pokakamiza. Kuyesera kumawonetsa kuti kukhudzidwa kwa galasi kumakwera kwambiri pamtunda wovuta, womwe umatsegulira njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito kalilole pakukakamizidwa.
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. Kuphatikiza apo, kalilole amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa onjezerani a fluorescent pautoto, electrocy memory informent (magnetic eleck) owonjezera, galasi
15
Lutetium (Lu)
Lutetium oxide ufa (Map)
Yttrium lutetium silemium shorstal (Map)
(1) Pangani ma adotolo ena apadera. Mwachitsanzo, Lutetium aluminium aloy angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwunika kwa neutron.
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(4) Zopangira magnetic Bubble reservoir.
. Kuyesera kumawonetsa kuti lirani ku Lutetium-dopstal ndipamwamba kuposa Nyab Crystal informaty ndi magwiridwe antchito.
. Kuphatikiza apo, Lutetium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito muukadaulo wa batiri komanso woyambitsa phosphor.
16
Yttrium (y)
Yyttrium imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yttrium aluminium Garnet ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida za laser, yttraum wachitsulo ku Verowave ndi yttrium-yttraum oxide amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe a TV. (Mapa data)
(1) Zowonjezera zitsulo komanso zosasangalatsa. Fecr Alloy nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi 0,5-4% Yytrium, yomwe imatha kukulitsa kukana ndi kuwunika kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri; Chowoneka bwino cha MB26 Iloy mwachionekere ndikusintha kwakukulu kwa dziko loipa la Y.2 Kuphatikiza dziko laling'ono lochepa kwambiri ku Al-ZR Sloroy, zomwe ziwonetserozi zingakhale zikuyenda bwino; The alloy walandiridwa ndi mafakitale ambiri ku China. Kuonjezera Yttrium mu mkuwa wa Anoor Kuchita zamakhalidwe ndi mphamvu zamakina.
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. Kuphatikiza apo, ytrium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zinthu zambiri zopopera, okonda mafuta a atomic mafuta, owonjezera owonjezera maginito, komanso wotakataka mu malonda amagetsi.
17
Scandium (sc)
Zithunzi zachitsulo (Map)
Poyerekeza ndi zinthu za ytdzium ndi lantanide, scandarium ili ndi radius yaying'ono yocheperako komanso yofooka ya hydroxide. Chifukwa chake, pamene ma scandarium ndi osowa kwambiri padziko lapansi amasakanikirana, scandarium adzaphatikizira woyamba kuthandizidwa ndi Amkalia (motekeza kwambiri alkali), motero imatha kulekanitsidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu za padziko lapansi mwachinyengo. Njira inanso ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuwonongeka kwa polaration ya nitrate yolekanitsa.Candium nitrate ndikosavuta kwambiri kuti muwongolere, ndikukwaniritsa cholinga cholekanitsa.
SC ikhoza kupezeka ndi electrolysis. Sccl3, KCL ndi Lill ndi kachilombo ka mankhwala atayeza, ndipo zinc amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati electrodis, ndiye kuti zinc imasinthidwa kuti ipeze Scandium. Kuphatikiza apo, svandarium imabwezeretsedwa mosavuta pokonza ore kuti apange Uranium, nsonga ndi Lantanide. Kubwezeretsa kokwanira kwa scandarium yokhudzana ndi Tungsten ndi Tin Ore ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za scandeum.candium ndi mAinly mu State State State State, yomwe imayatsidwa mosavuta mu sc2o3 mu mpweya ndipo imataya losuta ndikusanduka imvi yakuda.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa scandarium ndi:
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. Scandaum chloride ndi yoyera yoyera, yosungunuka m'madzi ndi yopanda mpweya. . Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono kwa chitsulo chosungunuka kumatha kukonza kwambiri zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa chitsulo, ndikuwonjezera pang'ono kuvuta kwa aluminiyamu kumatha kusintha mphamvu ndi kukana kutentha kwake.
. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito scandium sulfite ku semiconductors kumakopa chidwi kunyumba ndi kunja, komanso fanizo lomwe lili ndi Scandarium likulonjezansomaginito a kompyuta.
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(8) scandarium ilipo mu mawonekedwe a 45sc mwachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, pali ma isotopes asanu ndi anayi a scandium, omwe ndi 40 ~ 44sc ndi 46 ~ 49sc. Pakati pawo, 46sc, monga tracer, yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zamankhwala, metallitsargy ndi zozungulira. Mankhwala, pali anthu akunja omwe amaphunzira pogwiritsa ntchito 46Sc kuti muwachitire khansa.
Post Nthawi: Jul-04-2022