Ceum Kodi 'm'bale wamkulu' m'banja lalikulu la anthu wamba padziko lapansi. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa anthu osowa kwambiri 238ppmu, ndi Crium pa 68Pm, Kuwerengera 28% ya zinthu zonse zapadziko lapansi komanso zayamba; Kachiwiri, Cerium ndiye chinthu chachiwiri cha dziko lapansi chomwe chinkapeza zaka zisanu ndi zinayi pambuyo pa kupezeka kwa YTTRIum (1794). Ntchito yake ndi yochulukirapo, ndipo "cerium" siyosagwedezeka
Kupeza kwa Criumment
Carl Auer Vonsbach
Crium adapezeka ndikutchedwa mu 1803 ndi a Kolopper, Celdish Kemob j Ön Jakob Berzelius, ndi Sweden Kingralogist Wilinger Wingelius. Amatchedwa Ceria, ndipo ORA yake amatchedwa Cerre, pokumbukira za Ceres, a Ferterid adazindikira mchere wa 60%, pomwe ena onse ndiYNTrium.
Kugwiritsa koyamba ntchito kunali pompopompo pamoto komwe kumapangidwa ndi katswiri wazamankhwala wa ku Austrian Auth Vonsbach. Mu 1885, adayesa chisakanizo cha magnesium, Lanthanum, ndi YNTRIum oxide, koma zosakanizira izi zidatulutsa kuwala kobiriwira popanda kuchita bwino.
Mu 1891, adapeza kuti Thoir Troaurium wa maxidi adatulutsa bwino, ngakhale anali amtambo, komanso osakanikirana ndi cerium (iv) kuti atulutse kuwala koyera koyera. Kuphatikiza apo, Cev (IV) Oxide amathanso kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chothandizira cha Thoim oxide oxide
Chitsulo cha cerium
★ Cerium ndi chitsulo choyera komanso chofewa chasiliva chokhala ndi katundu wogwira ntchito. Atazindikira kuti ndi mpweya, udzakhala oxidized, ndikupanga dzimbiri ngati kusenda oxisi. Atatenthedwa, amayaka ndi kuyamwa mwachangu ndi madzi. Chitsanzo cha senti chimasachimenti Chitsulo Chitsanzo Chachitsulo chochepa kwambiri mkati mwa chaka chimodzi. Pewani kulumikizana ndi mpweya, oxidants olimba, acid amphamvu, ndi olema.
★ Namium makamaka ilipo ku Montazite ndi Bastnasite, komanso muchitetezo cha Uranium, Thornium, ndi Plutonium. Zowopsa ku chilengedwe, chidwi chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa ndikuwonongeka kwa matupi amadzi.
★ Name ndime yochuluka kwambiri ya 26, yowerengera anthu 68PPM ya kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi, lachiwiri kokha kwa mkuwa (68ppm). Cerium imachuluka kwambiri kuposa zitsulo wamba monga mtovu (13pm) ndi tini (2.1ppm).
Kusintha kwa Crium Electron
Makonzedwe apakompyuta:
1S2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3s2 3s2 3D10 4p6 5s2 4D10 5p66F1 5D1 5D1
★ Centum ilipo pambuyo pa Lanthanum ndipo ili ndi ma elekitiro oyambira kuchokera ku Crium, ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchita nawo zamankhwala. Komabe, ma 5D kapena a Certial a Certium amakhala otanganidwa, ndipo izi sizolimba mokwanira mu cerum.
★ Lantanide ambiri amangogwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirolo atatu monga Valence Excorn, kupatula Cerrium, yomwe ili ndi magetsi osiyanasiyana. Mphamvu ya 4f imafanana ndi ma elekitoni akunja 5d ndi 6s okha ofunikira kuti asinthe ntchito ya magetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti + 3 ndi + 4. Boma labwinobwino ndi + 3, kuwonetsa + 4 m'madzi a Anaerobic.
Kugwiritsa ntchito cerium
★ Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha alloy komanso chifukwa chopanga mchere wa Crium, etc.
★ Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuwonjezera kwa galasi kuti imeze ndi kupezeka kwa khwangwala, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pagalasi lagalimoto.
★ Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chodzitchinjiriza, ndipo pakadali pano woyimilira kwambiri ndi othandizira okwanira omasulira, omwe amalepheretsa mpweya wambiri wamafuta kuti asatulutsidwe mlengalenga.
★ Kuwalazinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansiMakamaka Crium monga oyang'anira mbewu amatha kukonza bwino mbewu, kuwonjezera zipatso, ndikuwonjezera kutsitsimula kupsinjika.
★ Cerium sulfide imatha kulowa m'malo mwa chikhazikitso monga kutsogolera ndi Cadmium zomwe ndizovulaza kwa chilengedwe ndi anthu mu utoto, ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito zokutira ndi ma ink.
★Ceum (iv) oxideItha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati phula la paupi yopukutira, mwachitsanzo, popukutira mankhwala (cmp).
★ Mipium ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zida za hydrogen, ma armoelertc centersodes, zida zamagetsi, zitsulo zamafuta, zida zamagetsi, zitsulo zosasangalatsa.
Post Nthawi: Jul-03-2023