Chiwerengero cha atomu chaThupindi 69 ndi kulemera kwake atomiki ndi 168.93421. Zomwe zili mu kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi ndi magawo awiri mwa magawo atatu a 100000, omwe ndi chinthu chochepa kwambiri pakati pa zinthu zapadziko lapansi. Zimakhalapo makamaka Situco Beryllium Y Wirium Ore, Black Inter Old Ore, phosphorous Yttrium Ore, ndi Monazi. Gawo laling'ono lazinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi ku Monusita nthawi zambiri limafika 50%, ndi ma Thulium account ya 0.007%. Inofope yachilengedwe yachilengedwe imangokhala ma tulium 169.
Kupeza Mbiri
Adazindikira: PT Cluve
Apezeka mu 1878
Pambuyo pa Mstander Wolekanitsidwa Erbium Dziko lapansi la Jttrium Dziko Lapansi Lapansi mu 1842, akatswiri ambiri a maminiri adagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwamphamvu kuti adziwe kuti sanali oyera kuti asawalekanitse. Pambuyo polekanitsayterbachi oxidendiscandaum oxideKuchokera ku nyambo ya oxidid, thanthweli adalekanitsa anthu ambiri otchuka mu 1879 Ndi kupezeka kwa mitu yachilengedwe ndi zinthu zina zapadziko lapansi, theka linalo la gawo lachitatu la kupezeka kwanthawi yayitali padziko lapansi latha.
Kusintha kwa Electron
Kusintha kwa Electron
1S2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3s2 3s2 3D10 4p6 5s2 4D10 5p6 4p2 4F13
Mapeliumndi chitsulo choyera choyera ndi duckity ndipo chitha kudula lotsegulidwa ndi mpeni chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ofewa; Kusungunuka 1545 ° C, kuwiritsa mu 1947 ° C, kachulukidwe 9.3208.
Thupium ndi yokhazikika mlengalenga;Thulium oxidendi crystal yobiriwira. Mchere (wagalu wagawani) oxides ndi obiriwira onse obiriwira.
Karata yanchito
Ngakhale Thlium ndiosowa kwambiri komanso okwera mtengo, imakhalabe ndi ntchito m'minda yapadera.
Kutulutsa Kwambiri Kutulutsa
Thulium nthawi zambiri imayambitsidwa ndi magwero owoneka bwino kwambiri mu mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri (nthawi zambiri a thulium bromide), ndi cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a mapelomu.
Laser
Atatu a yttrium aluminium adyo (h: c: tm: yag) yolimba-dziko la ytthium adye, yomwe imatulutsa mawu a 2097 nm; Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pankhondo, zamankhwala azachipatala, ndi zoyeserera. Mawonekedwe a laser omwe amatulutsidwa ndi thulium dopd yttrium aluminium adyom (tm: yag: yag) yolimba-Stand mpaka 2040 nm 2040 nm. Kufikira pamlengalenga kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa kungalepheretse kuvala malo okhala mu mpweya ndi madzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ma thul a thulium akhale ndi kuthekera kwakukulu pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa opaleshoni yoyambira ya laser. Thulium laser ndi yothandiza kwambiri pakugwa minyewa chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zotsika komanso mphamvu zodzitchinjiriza, ndipo zimatha kuwongolera popanda kuyambitsa mabala akuya. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ma thul a thulium akhale ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsira ntchito opaleshoni ya laser
Thulium dorsed laser
X-ray gwero
Ngakhale mitengo yokwera mtengo ya x yokhala ndi x-ray yokhala ndi thulium yayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati ma radiation radiation mu nyukiliya. Mabuku a radiation awa ali ndi moyo pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zida zamankhwala komanso ma dengu ca mano, komanso zida zoperewera kwa zigawo zamakina ndi zamagetsi zomwe zimavuta kufikira ndi kupha munthu. Magwedwe awa a radiation safuna chitetezo chowonjezera - kutsogolera pang'ono kokha ndikofunikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito Tholium 170 Monga gwero la ma radiatiation for Fordeme odwala akuchulukirachulukira. Inotope iyi ili ndi theka la masiku 128.6 ndi mizere yolimbitsa thupi yayitali (7.4, 51.354, 52.389, 59.2, 59.253) Pulogalamu Volots). Thupium 170 ndi limodzi mwa magawo anayi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri amagetsi.
Makonda apamwamba kwambiri
Ikufanana ndi YNTrium, Thulium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu ma supercondectors ambiri. Thupium ili ndi phindu logwiritsa ntchito mu Ferrite ngati maginito a ceratic maginito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, thulium imatha kuyimitsa nyali ya Arc ngati mwala, ndipo kuwala kobiriwira komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi nyali za Arc sikungaphimbe ndi zizindikiro za zinthu zina. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kutulutsa buluu pansi pa ultraviolet radiation, thulium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chizindikiro chotsutsa-choletsa ku Euro Banknotes. The flurescence yotulutsidwa ndi calcium sulfate yowonjezera ndi thulium imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma radiation dradiation.
Ntchito Zina
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, thulium imatha kuyimitsa nyali ya Arc ngati mwala, ndipo kuwala kobiriwira komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi nyali za arc sikungaphimbidwe ndi mitundu ina.
Thulium imatulutsa fluorescence pansi pa ultraviolet radiation, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwazizindikiro zotsutsana ndi zonyansa m'mabanki a euro.
Euro pansi pa UV IVUdition, yokhala ndi zolemba zomveka zodziwika bwino
Post Nthawi: Aug-25-2023