Kukonzekera kwa Rare Earth Metals

Kukonzekera kwa Rare Earth Metals

Kupanga zitsulo zosowa padziko lapansi kumadziwikanso kuti rare earth pyrometallurgical production.Zosowa zapadziko lapansinthawi zambiri amagawidwa kukhala zitsulo zosawoneka bwino zapadziko lapansi komanso zitsulo zapadziko lapansi zosowa.Kupangidwa kwa zitsulo zosakanizika zapadziko lapansi ndizofanana ndi zomwe zidapangidwa kale mu ore, ndipo chitsulo chimodzi ndi chitsulo cholekanitsidwa ndikuyengedwa kuchokera kudziko lililonse losowa.N'zovuta kuchepetsa ma oxides osowa padziko lapansi (kupatula ma oxides a samarium, europium, ytterbium, ndi thulium) kukhala chitsulo chimodzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri zazitsulo, chifukwa cha kutentha kwawo kwakukulu komanso kukhazikika kwakukulu.Chifukwa chake, zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zitsulo zosowa padziko lapansi ndi ma chloride awo ndi ma fluoride.

(1) Njira ya electrolysis yosungunuka yamchere

Kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zosakanizika zapadziko lapansi m'makampani nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosungunuka yamchere ya electrolysis.Njirayi imaphatikizapo kutenthetsa ndi kusungunula zinthu zapadziko lapansi zomwe sizikupezeka monga ma chloride osowa padziko lapansi, ndiyeno electrolysis kuti ipangitse zitsulo zapadziko lapansi pa cathode.Pali njira ziwiri za electrolysis: kloride electrolysis ndi oxide electrolysis.Njira yokonzekera chitsulo chimodzi chosowa padziko lapansi chimasiyana malinga ndi chinthucho.Samarium, europium, ytterbium, ndi thulium sizoyenera kukonzekera electrolytic chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwawo kwa nthunzi, ndipo m'malo mwake amakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera distillation.Zinthu zina zitha kukonzedwa ndi electrolysis kapena njira yochepetsera kutentha kwachitsulo.

Chloride electrolysis ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri popangira zitsulo, makamaka zosakanikirana zamitundu yosowa padziko lapansi.Njirayi ndi yosavuta, yotsika mtengo, ndipo imafuna ndalama zochepa.Komabe, cholepheretsa chachikulu ndicho kutulutsa mpweya wa chlorine, womwe umawononga chilengedwe.

Oxide electrolysis situlutsa mpweya woipa, koma mtengo wake ndi wokwera pang'ono.Nthawi zambiri, nthaka yamtengo wapatali yamtengo wapatali monga neodymium ndi praseodymium imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito oxide electrolysis.

(2) Njira yochepetsera kutentha kwa vacuum

Njira ya electrolysis imangokonzekera zitsulo zamafakitale osowa padziko lapansi.Kukonzekera zitsulo zokhala ndi zonyansa zochepa komanso zoyera kwambiri, njira yochepetsera kutentha kwa vacuum imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Nthawi zambiri, ma oxides osowa padziko lapansi amapangidwa koyamba kukhala fluoride yapadziko lapansi osowa, yomwe imachepetsedwa ndi chitsulo cha calcium mu ng'anjo ya vacuum induction kuti ipeze zitsulo.Kenaka, amasungunulidwa ndi kusungunulidwa kuti apeze zitsulo zoyera.Njirayi imatha kupanga zitsulo zonse zosowa zapadziko lapansi, koma samarium, europium, ytterbium, ndi thulium sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

The oxidation kuchepetsa kuthekera kwasamarium, europium, ytterbium, thuliumndipo calcium inangochepetsa pang'ono fluoride wapadziko lapansi wosowa.Nthawi zambiri, zitsulo izi zakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya mkulu nthunzi kuthamanga kwa zitsulo izi ndi otsika nthunzi kuthamanga kwa lanthanum zitsulo, kusakaniza ndi briquetting oxides anayi amenewa osowa dziko lapansi ndi zinyalala zitsulo lanthanum, ndi kuchepetsa iwo mu Vacuum ng'anjo..Lanthanumndi yotakataka.Samarium, europium, ytterbium, ndi thuliumamachepetsedwa ndi lanthanum kukhala golidi ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa pa condenser, yomwe imakhala yosavuta kupatukana ndi slag.

笔记