Mafala Akutoma Padziko Lonse Lapansi
·Osowa kwambiri is osati chinthu chachitsulo, koma nthawi yofunika kwambiri ya 15YNTriumndisinandium. Chifukwa chake, zinthu za 17 zamtundu uliwonse ndi zinthu zawo zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira chlorides ndi chiyero cha 46% kwa malo osakwatiwa adziko lapansinyama zapadziko lapansiNdi chiyero cha 99.9999%. Ndi kuwonjezera kwa mankhwala okhudzana ndi mitundu yofananira ndi zosakanikirana, pali zopangidwa zambiri zapadziko lapansi. Choncho,dziko lapansiTekinoloji ndi yosiyanasiyana kutengera kusiyana kwa zinthu 17 izi. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi zitha kugawidwa kukhala cerium ndipoYNTriumMagulu okhazikitsidwa ndi migodi, migodi, kufooketsa, ndi njira zolekanitsirana za mchere wamba padziko lapansi ali ogwirizana. Kuyambira kuchokera ku migodi yoyamba migodi, njira zolekanitsa, kusinthasintha njira, njira zodulira, ndi njira zoyeretsa za anthu osowa kwambiri.
Kukonzekera michere ya dziko lapansi
Njira yokonzanso mienga ya misonzi ndi njira yosinthira kusiyana ndi michere yosiyanasiyana yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zopatsa mphamvu, ndipo zidawalekanitsa mchere wambiri.
· Adziko lapansioren mined padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zilidziko lapansiochepa peresenti, ndipo ena otsika. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunika zopanga zosungunuka,dziko lapansiMinerals amalekanitsidwa ndi michere ya gangue ndi michere ina yothandiza kudzera pakukusungunuka musanasungunuke, kuti achulukitse dziko lapansi losowa kwambiri ndikupeza dziko lapansi wamba zomwe zingakwaniritse zofuna zam'madzi. Kuchulukitsa kwa anthu osowa kwambiri padziko lapansi nthawi zambiri amatengera njira yolumikizirana, nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi mitundu ingapo ya kupatukana kwakukulu kwa mphamvu yokoka ndi magnetic kuti apange njira zopindulitsa.
Adziko lapansiKuyika mu mgodi wa Baiyebo ku Mongolia ndi gawo la rockbonation la dolomite ya chitsulo, makamaka yopangidwa ndi mchere wa rorerniobiumndidziko lapansimchere).
ORE OFFERS yokhala ndi 30% yazokhudza 5% ya 5% ya ozizira kwambiri. Ntchito ya chomera chothandiza ndikuwonjezeraFee2o3kuyambira 33% mpaka kupitirira 55%, kupera koyamba ndikukanyamula mphero yapamtunda, kenako kusankha chitsulo choyambirira cha 62-65% fee2o3 (iron oxide) Kugwiritsa ntchito olekanitsidwa kwa maglindrical. Maulosi akupitilizabe kuyamwa ndi maginito kuti atenge kachiwiri kakang'ono kwambiri kalikonse kopitilira 45%Fee2o3(iron oxide). Dziko lapansi laing'ono limalemedwa m'chiuno, ndi kalasi ya 10-15%. Kukhazikika kumatha kusankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo logwedeza kuti apange chomata ndi mtundu wa 30%. Atakwiyitsidwa ndi zida zopindulitsa, dziko lapansi laitali kwambiri ndi zopitilira 60% zitha kupezeka.
Njira yogwirizira dziko lapansi yanthawi zonse
·Dziko lapansiZinthu zomwe zimangokhala mu mawonekedwe a carbonaker carbon, fluorides, ma phosphates, oxides, kapena ma vani. Zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi ziyenera kusinthidwa kukhala mitundu yosungunuka m'madzi kapena ivorganganic acid kudzera pakusintha kwamankhwala, kenako masitepe, kuyeretsedwa, kapena kuwerengera kosiyanasiyanadziko lapansiMafuta monga osakanikirana kwambiri ndi nthaka clorides, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu kapena zida zopangira zolekanitsa zosafunikira padziko lapansi. Njirayi imatchedwadziko lapansiLimbikitsani kusokonezeka kwakukulu komwe kumadziwikanso kuti ntchito.
Njira zambiri zowoladziko lapansiZovuta, zomwe zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: Njira ya Aciri, njira ya alkali, ndi kuwonongeka kwa chlyarnan. Kuwonongeka kwa asidi kungagawidwenso mu hydrochloric acid kuwola, sulfuric acid kuwola, ndi hydrofluoric acid kuwonongeka. Kuwonongeka kwa alkali kungakhale kogawika mu sodium hydroxide kuwonongeka, sodium hydroxide masungunuka, kapena njira yowotcha. Njira yoyenera imasankhidwa malinga ndi mfundo za mtundu wa kuchuluka kwa mtundu wazofanana, mawonekedwe a precection
Ngakhale kuti ngakhale michere yocheperako ya 200 komanso yofalitsa michere yapezeka, sanadzilemeredwe m'malo osungira anthu odziyimira pawokha ndi migodi ya mafakitale chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwawo. Pakadali pano, ongoyerekeza pawokhagulu lankhondo, Selenium, ndipomwala wazibamboMadongosolo apezeka, koma kuchuluka kwa madipozinthu sizakukulu.
Kusambitsirana ndi zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi
Njira ziwiridziko lapansiKusungunula, hydrometsirurgy ndi pyromallilgy.
Njira yonse yonse ya Rure Lor Lorderlandrland ndi mankhwala achitsulo nthawi zambiri pamapeto pake, kudziikirana ndi kuwonongeka kwadziko lapansi, mankhwala, ndi osakwatiwa padziko lapansi, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kaleya ka mankhwala monga mpweya, makristal, oxidation, kuchepetsa, zosungunulira, ndi ion kusinthana. Njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi yosungunulira, yomwe ndi njira yaponse yopatukana kwa mafakitale yoyera kwambiri padziko lapansi. Njira ya hydromegalgy ndi yovuta ndipo kuyera kwazinthu ndizokwera. Njirayi ili ndi ntchito zingapo popanga zinthu zomalizidwa.
Pyrometalgawandergical njira ndi yosavuta ndipo imakhala ndi zipatso zambiri.Dziko lapansipyromelowalgy makamaka imaphatikizapo kupanga kwaosowa dziko lapansindi njira yochepetsera silcethermic, kupanga kwa zitsulo zapadziko lonse lapansi kapena kuwunika pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosungunula ya elentelysic electrolysis, ndi kupanga kwaosowa dziko lapansiNdi njira yachitsulo yochepetsera majeremusi.
Chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino cha Pyromallirgy ndikupanga kutentha kwambiri.
Zochitika Padziko Lapansi
·Dziko lapansicarbonate ndipoosowa kwambiri chloridendi zinthu ziwiri zazikuludziko lapansiMakampani. Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala njira ziwiri zazikulu zopanga zinthu ziwiri izi. Njira imodzi ndi ma sulfuric acid acid njira, ndipo njira inayo imatchedwa caustic njira yosinthira, idafupikitsa ngati koloko.
Kuphatikiza kupezeka m'michere yosiyanasiyana, gawo lalikulu lazinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansiMu chilengedwe chapamtima ndi apitite ndi mchere wa phosphate. Malo osungirako onse a Phusphate ndi matani pafupifupi 100 biliyoni, pafupifupidziko lapansizomwe zili pa 0,5 ‰. Akuti kuchuluka kwathunthudziko lapansiophatikizidwa ndi orete a phosphate padziko lapansi ndi matani 50 miliyoni. Poyankha mikhalidwe yotsikadziko lapansiZokhutira ndi mawonekedwe apadera mu migodi, njira zingapo zobwezeretsedwa zidaphunziridwa zonsezo komanso zakunja, zomwe zitha kugawidwa mwanjira zonyowa komanso zotentha. Munjira zonyowa, zitha kugawidwa mu njira ya asidi, hydrochloric acid njira, ndi sulufuric njira molingana ndi ma acid osiyanasiyana. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zoyambiranso zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi kuchokera ku phosphorous mankhwala njira, zonse zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito phosphate ore. Panthawi yopanga matenthedwe, adziko lapansiKuchira kumatha kufikira 60%.
Ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza kwa zolimba za phosphate rock ndi kusintha kwa thanthwe la phosphate, ma sulfuric acid njira yonyowa ya phosphoric tsopano ndi njira yopangira mankhwala a phosphate, ndikuchira kwazinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansiKu Sulfuric acid yonyowa njira phosphoric acid yakhala hoppot yofufuzira. Pakupanga kwa sulfuric acid yonyowa ndi phosphoric acid, njira yowongolera zopindulitsa zakudziko la phosphoric acid kenako ndikugwiritsa ntchito zopepuka zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi njira zopserera.
Njira Zapadziko Lonse Lapansi
Sulfuric acid solsubility
CeumGulu (insulubleble mu sulfate stts) -Lanthanum, ceum, Praseymium, Newdyoum, ndi promethium;
Mnyangagulu (sungunuka pang'ono mu Sulfate Mchere) -mhamarium, Europium, gadolinium, mnyanga, Dysprium, ndipoHolmium;
YNTriumGulu (kusungunuka mu sulfate malo amchere) -YNTrium, Erbium, mapelium, yterbium,lutetium, ndiposinandium.
Kulekanitsa
Chosalemeradziko lapansi(P204 Zofooka acidity) -Lanthanum,ceum, Praseymium,Newdyoum, ndi promethium;
Pakatikati mwake wapakati (P204 Kuchotsa acidity) -mhamarium,Europium,gadolinium,mnyanga,Dysprium;
Cholemeradziko lapansizinthu(acidity kuchotsera mu P204) -Holmium,
Kuyamba kwa Zowonjezera
Pofuna kulekanitsaZinthu Zamtundu wapadziko lapansi,Chifukwa cha zinthu zomwezi ndi zinthu 17 za zinthu 17, komanso kuchuluka kwa zokhumudwitsazinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi, njira yodulira ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pali mitundu itatu ya m'zinthu zina: Njira yodutsa-sitepe, ion yosinthana, ndi solvent yosungunuka.
Njira Yokhazikika
Njira yolekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa kusungunuka kosungunukira kwa ma sol sols amatchedwa njira yodutsa. KuchokeraYNTrium(Y) kutilutetium(Lu), kulekanitsa kamodzi pakati pa zinthu zonse zachilengedwezinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi, kuphatikiza radium yomwe yapezeka ndi banja la curie,
Onsewo amalekanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito iyi ndi yovuta, ndipo kulekanitsa kamodzi kwa zinthu zonse zapadziko lapansi zamtunduwu kunatenga zaka zoposa zana, ndipo kulekanitsa kamodzi komanso kubwerezabwereza kufikira 20000. Kwa ogwira ntchito zamankhwala, ntchito yawo
Mphamvu yake ndiyokwera kwambiri ndipo njirayi ndiyovuta. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi sikungatulutse dziko lapansi wamba kwambiri.
Kusinthana
Ntchito yofufuza za zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi yalepheretsedwa ndi kulephera kutulutsa chimodzinyama yapadziko lapansipamiyeso yambiri kudzera mu njira zokhala ndi sitepe. Pofuna kusanthulazinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansizopezeka muzinthu zopatulidwa zanyukisi ndi kuchotsa dziko lapansi kuchokera ku Uranium ndi Thormatography (Ion Kusinthana)nyama yapadziko lapansis. Ubwino wa ion Kusinthana njira ndikuti zinthu zingapo zitha kulekanitsidwa mu ntchito imodzi. Ndipo imathanso kupeza zinthu zazitali. Komabe, zovuta ndikuti sizingakonzedwe mosalekeza, ndikuyenda kwakanthawi kochepa kogwira ntchito ndi ndalama zambiri zosinthira ndikusinthana. Chifukwa chake, iyi kale njira yolerera anthu ambiri osowa kwambiri yapusitsidwa ndi njira yayikulu yolekanitsira ndikusinthidwa ndi njira yothetsera soncent. Komabe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a ion osinthana ndi ma chromatography omwe ali oyera kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndiye kuti amapanganso zinthu zazitali za ultra-zapamwamba kwambiri, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zapamwamba kwambiri, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ma chromatography kuti apaletse ndi kutulutsa zopangidwa padziko lapansi.
Kuchotsa
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kuti ichotse ndi kulekanitsa chinthucho kuchokera yankho losasinthika limatchedwa organic solvent yosungunulira madzi, chidule monga kuchotsera. Ndi njira yosamutsa misa yomwe imasamutsidwa kuchokera ku gawo limodzi lamadzi kupita ku lina. Njira yothetsera njira yosinthira kale ku petrochemamical, chemistry yamankhwala, komanso chemistry chectical. Komabe, m'zaka makumi anayi zapitazi, chifukwa cha kukula kwa sayansi ya atomiki ndi ukadaulo, komanso kufunika kopanga zinthu kwa ulesi ndi, zosuta zosungunulira kwapangitsa kuti akhale ndi mafakitale a nyukiliya komanso mitanda. China yakwaniritsa kafukufuku wapamwamba mu malingaliro owonetsera, kapangidwe ka zokolola zatsopano, ndi chotsani cha kupatukana kwaichi. Poyerekeza ndi njira zolekanitsira monga mpweya wolekanitsa, gradallulization, ndi ion kusinthana, kukhazikika kwakukulu, komanso kosavuta kuwongolera kokha. Chifukwa chake, pang'onopang'ono yakhala njira yayikulu yolekanitsa kuchuluka kwambiri kwadziko lapansis.
Kuyeretsa Dziko Lapansi
Kupanga zida zopangira
Nyama zapadziko lapansinthawi zambiri amagawidwa mu zitsulo zosakanikirana komanso osakwatiwanyama zapadziko lapansi. Kuphatikizika kwa kusakanizanyama zapadziko lapansindizofanana ndi zoyambirira zapadziko lapansi zomwe zimapangidwa mu ore, ndipo chitsulo chimodzi ndi chitsulo chimodzi cholekanitsidwa ndikuzisiyanitsidwa ndi dziko lililonse losowa. Ndizovuta kuchepetsaosowa kwambiri oxides (kupatula ma okoma amhamarium,Europium,, mapelium,yterbium) M'chitsulo chimodzi chogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zambiri, chifukwa cha kutentha kwawo kwa mapangidwe komanso kukhazikika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri kawiri popanganyama zapadziko lapansiMasiku ano pali chofunda chawo komanso fluorides.
Osungunula mchere electrolysis
Kupanga kwakukulu kosakanikirananyama zapadziko lapansiM'makampani ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosungunulira mchere. Pali njira ziwiri za electrolysis: chloride electrolysis ndi ma electolysis oxidi. Njira yokonzekera imodzinyama zapadziko lapansiamasiyanasiyana malinga ndi gawo.mhamarium,Europium,,mapelium,yterbiumsioyenera kukonzekera kwa electrolytic chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kwawo kwa nthunzi, ndipo m'malo mwake kumakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera. Zinthu zina zitha kukonzedwa ndi electrolysis kapena feent mafuta ochepetsa.
Chloride electrolysis ndi njira yofala kwambiri yopangira zitsulo, makamaka osakanikirana. Njirayi ndi yosavuta, yotsika mtengo, ndipo imafuna ndalama zochepa. Komabe, kayendetsedwe kakang'ono kwambiri ndi kumasulidwa kwa mpweya wa chlorine, komwe kumaipitsa chilengedwe. Oxidi amagetsi samatulutsa mpweya wovulaza, koma mtengo wake umakwera pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, osakwatiwadziko lapansimongaNewdyoumndiPraseymiumamapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma oxide ma oxidilysis.
Njira yochepetsera ya elecuceal electrolysis imangokongoletsa mafakitalenyama zapadziko lapansi. Kuphikanyama zapadziko lapansiNdi zodetsa zotsika komanso zoyera kwambiri, njira yochepetsera yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njirayi imatha kupanga zitsulo zonse zapadziko lonse lapansi, komamhamarium,Europium,,mapelium,yterbiumsilingapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi. Kuthekera kosintha kwamhamarium,Europium,,mapelium,yterbiumndi calcium pokhapokhadziko lapansifluoride. Nthawi zambiri, kukonzekera kwa zitsulo izi kumatengera mfundo za kupanikizika kwambiri kwa zitsulo ndi zovuta kwambiri zachitsulo cha Lantanums. Oxides a izi zinayidziko lapansiamasakanikirana ndi zidutswa zachitsulo cha Lantanums ndi kukakamizidwa kukhala mabatani, ndikuchepetsedwa mu ng'anjo ya vacuum.Lanthanumndizogwira ntchito, pomwemhamarium,Europium,,mapelium,yterbiumamachepetsedwa ku golideLanthanumndipo adasonkhanitsa pakusinthana, kupangitsa kukhala kosavuta kupatukana ndi slag.
Post Nthawi: Nov-07-2023