Pofuna kukhazikitsa njira yopangira dziko lolimba ndikufulumizitsa chitukuko cha zipangizo zatsopano, boma lakhazikitsa gulu lotsogolera kupanga mafakitale atsopano.Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Ukadaulo Wachidziwitso, National Development and Reform Commission, Unduna wa Sayansi ndi Ukadaulo, ndi Unduna wa Zachuma pamodzi adapereka Bukhu la Kupititsa patsogolo Makampani Atsopano a Zida Zatsopano, zomwe zidayambitsa nthawi yatsopano ya mwayi wachitukuko.Poyang'anizana ndi mwayi watsopano,Monga chida chapadera chogwirira ntchito, momwe mungakwaniritsire chitukuko cha zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi, wolemba amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane tanthauzo ndi mawonekedwe a "rare earth function+", momwe angagwiritsire ntchito "+"rare earth, ndi zina.
Zida zatsopano zimatanthawuza zida zatsopano zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kapena ntchito zapadera, kapena zida zomwe zimagwira bwino ntchito kapena zatsopano pambuyo poti zida zachikhalidwe zakonzedwa bwino.Zosowa zapadziko lapansi zimakhala ndi ntchito zapadera monga maginito, kuwala, magetsi, catalysis ndi kusungirako haidrojeni, ndipo zimatha kuwonjezeredwa kuzinthu zachikhalidwe monga chitsulo, aluminiyamu, magnesiamu, magalasi ndi zoumba kuti zipititse patsogolo ntchito kapena kupanga zipangizo zatsopano zogwirira ntchito. ayenera kutenga mwayi watsopano wa chitukuko cha mbiriyakale, kukumana ndi zovuta zatsopano ndikukwaniritsa maloto atsopano, ndiye kuti, yesetsani kukwaniritsa masomphenya aakulu omwe aperekedwa ndi Comrade Deng Xiaoping, womanga wamkulu wa kusintha kwa China ndi kutsegula, "Pali mafuta pakati pawo. Dziko lakum'mawa ndi losowa ku China, kotero kuti tiyenera kuchita ntchito yabwino muzochitika zachilendo zapadziko lapansi ndikupereka masewera athunthu ku ubwino wa dziko losowa kwambiri ku China ", kotero kuti maluwa a ntchito zapadziko lapansi osowa amatha kuphuka.Pangani "dziko lapansi losowa ntchito + "chitani mphamvu yatsopano ya kinetic yopititsa patsogolo chuma cha dziko.
Choyamba, zoyambira makhalidwe a osowa lapansi.
Dziko lapansi losowa limadziwika kuti "wokondedwa" wazinthu zatsopano zogwirira ntchito m'zaka za zana la 21.Chifukwa cha ntchito zake zapadera monga physics, electrochemistry, magnetism, kuwala ndi magetsi, wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Rare Earth ili ndi ubwino wokhala ndi gwero lochepa, msika waukulu wapadziko lonse lapansi, kutsika kochepa kwa ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa zida zankhondo zoteteza dziko.Ndi chitukuko cha matekinoloje atsopano opulumutsa mphamvu ndi chilengedwe, Kudalira kwa anthu amakono pazinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo kwagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chuma cha dziko ndi sayansi yamakono.Mayiko ambiri amawalemba kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri.Mu 2006, pakati pa zinthu 35 zamakono zomwe zinalengezedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo ku United States, mitundu 16 ya zinthu zapadziko lapansi zosadziwika kupatulapo promethium (zopangidwa mwaluso ndi zotulutsa ma radio) zinaphatikizidwa, zomwe zimawerengera 45.7% ya zinthu zonse zamakono. Zinthu 26 zamakono zosankhidwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Sayansi ndi Zamakono ku Japan, zinthu 16 zapadziko lapansi zosawerengeka zonse zikuphatikizidwa, zomwe zimawerengera 61.5%.Maiko padziko lonse lapansi amachita kafukufuku mwamphamvu paukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito zida zosowa padziko lapansi, ndipo pali njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito zida zapadziko lapansi pafupifupi zaka 3-5.
Njira yazinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi ikuwonekera makamaka pakugwira ntchito kwa zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi, ndipo zida zogwirira ntchito ndi ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito ziyenera kuphatikizidwa kwambiri.Momwe mungakulitsire mwasayansi ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino ntchito zopangira zinthu zapadziko lapansi zakhala ntchito yofunika kwambiri kwa anthu osowa padziko lapansi asayansi ndiukadaulo.Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuzindikira mikhalidwe itatu yapadziko lapansi osowa, yomwe ndi "zinthu zitatu" :Njira yazinthu, magwiridwe antchito a zinthu ndi kufalikira kwa ntchito zogwiritsiridwa ntchito; Chachiwiri ndikumvetsetsa bwino komanso kumvetsetsa lamulo lofunikira lachitukuko ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake.
Strategic issues on rare earth resources.Rare Earth is a non renewable strategic resource.Dziko lapansi losowa ndi dzina lazinthu 17.Zida zake zamchere zimagawidwa kwambiri m'chilengedwe, ndipo kugawidwa kwa zinthu kumasiyana.Choncho, m'pofunika kulimbikitsanso kasamalidwe ka sayansi ya chuma osowa padziko lapansi, Iwo akhoza pafupifupi kugawidwa mu njira, yovuta ndi wamba, ndi mwasayansi standardized malinga ndi zinthu, mitundu ndi ntchito, kuti apange msika wabwino mlengalenga yabwino kugawika bwino kwa zinthu zapadziko lapansi zomwe sizipezeka pamsika, ndikuzindikira mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa chitukuko chanzeru komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zapadziko lapansi.
Pa ntchito ya osowa nthaka elements.Kupanga osowa nthaka zopangira ayenera kuyengedwa.Maulalo opangira zinthu zapadziko lapansi zachilendo monga migodi, kukonza mchere, kulekanitsa smelting ndi kusungunula zitsulo ndizo njira yopanga zinthu zopangira.Zopangira zazikuluzikulu ndi zinthu zoyambira monga ma oxidi arare earth, ma chloride, zitsulo zosowa padziko lapansi ndi ma alloys osowa padziko lapansi a chinthu chimodzi, zomwe sizinawonetse ntchito yazinthu zawo, koma zimakhudza kwambiri zida zogwirira ntchito pambuyo pokonza kwambiri. Choncho, kwa wotsatira ntchito chitukuko cha zipangizo, m`pofunika kuyenga kupanga ndi zinthu, kusintha mankhwala chiyero, kukhathamiritsa zikuchokera tinthu kukula ndi zizindikiro zina zinchito khalidwe, kuti patsogolo mtengo wa mankhwala ndi ntchito mlingo wa ntchito limodzi osowa dziko chinthu. .
Pakukulitsa kwa ntchito yapadziko lapansi yosowa. Zida zogwirira ntchito zapadziko lapansi ziyenera kupangidwa kukhala zida zogwirira ntchito ndi zinthu zogwiritsira ntchito. Kutengera mwachitsanzo, zida zonse zamakampani opanga unyolo zimachokera ku zitsulo zosapezeka padziko lapansi kupita ku slitting strip, maginito. ufa, sintering (kapena kugwirizana), opanda kanthu, processing, zipangizo, etc. kuti ntchito zipangizo zinchito zatsopano, Komanso dongosolo kupanga ndi kukonza osowa dziko lapansi zinchito zipangizo, kusonyeza mokwanira kasamalidwe sayansi mlingo, mankhwala zinchito chitukuko mlingo ndi Pakalipano, mabizinesi ena apita patsogolo kuti akwaniritse cholingachi ndipo afika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, fakitale yapadziko lapansi yosowa maginito yakula mpaka kupanga ma servo motors a zida zamakina a CNC, ma motors apadera. mafoni am'manja ndi zina zapamwamba zapadziko lapansi zosowa maginito okhazikika
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-04-2022