Mkhalidwe Wachitukuko cha Rare Earth Viwanda ku China

Pambuyo zaka zoposa 40 khama, makamaka chitukuko mofulumira kuyambira 1978, Chinadziko losowamakampani adumphadumpha bwino mu mlingo kupanga ndi khalidwe mankhwala, kupanga dongosolo lonse mafakitale.Pakadali pano,dziko losowakuyeretsa ku China

Mphamvu yosungunula ndi kulekanitsa ore imafika matani opitilira 130000 pachaka (REO), ndipo kupanga kwapachaka kwapadziko lonse lapansi kumafika matani opitilira 70000, zomwe zimapangitsa 80% yonse yopanga padziko lonse lapansi.Kutulutsa kwake komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja ndizo zikuluzikulu padziko lonse lapansi.

Pali oposa 170dziko losowamabizinesi osungunula ndi kupatukana ku China, koma 5 okha ndi omwe ali ndi mphamvu yapachaka yopitilira matani 5000 (REO), mabizinesi ambiri okhala ndi matani 1000-2000.

Pakadali pano, China yapanga maziko atatu opangira zinthu zazikulu zazikulu zitatudziko losowazothandizira:

(1) Wakumpotodziko losowamaziko opanga adapangidwa ndi Baotou osakanikiranadziko losowaore monga zopangira, ndi BaotouRare EarthHigh Tech ndi Gansu Rare Earth Company ngati msana.Pali mabizinesi opitilira 80 omwe amapangadziko losowamankhwala mongaosowa lapansi kloridindi carbonate pachaka

Kupitilira matani 60000 amitundu ndi matani 15000 a singledziko losowamankhwala.Pakali pano, ambiridziko losowamabizinesi akukonza Baotou ore amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosungunulira asidi yopangidwa ndi Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research Institute, kenako gwiritsani ntchito P204 kapena P507 m'zigawo.kusiyana, kumenecerium wapamwamba kwambiriNthawi zambiri amachotsedwa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni, komanso kalasi ya fulorosentieuropium oxideamachotsedwa ndi kuchepetsa m'zigawo.Zogulitsa zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizira limodzi kapena osakanikirana osowa padziko lapansi mongalanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, ndi zina.

(2) Wapakati ndi wolemeradziko losowakupanga maziko amatenga miyala yamtundu wa ionic yakumwera ngati zopangira, ndipo imagwira pafupifupi matani 20000 amtundu wakumwera wa ionicdziko losowaores pachaka.Mabizinesi am'mbuyo akuphatikizapo Guanzhou the Pearl River Smelter, Jianyin JiahuaRare EarthFactory, ndi Yixin Xinwei Rare Earth Co., Ltd Company, Liyan Luodiya Fangzheng Rare Earth Company, Guangdong Yanjiang Rare Earth Factory, etc. Southern ion mtundu osowa nthaka migodi zambiri ntchito ammonium sulfate in situ leaching carbonate mpweya poyatsira hydrochloric acid kuvunda ndi naph50 kulekanitsa m'zigawo za asidi ndi kuyeretsa.

Sing'ono yapakatikati mpaka yolemetsaosowa nthaka oxidesndi zinthu zina zolemeretsedwa mongayttrium, dysprosium, terbium, europium, lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, ndi zina.

(3) Pogwiritsa ntchito miyala ya Mianning fluorocarbon cerium ore ku Sichuan ngati zopangira, maziko opangira fluorocarbon cerium ore akhazikitsidwa ku Sichuan.Pakali pano pali zomera 27 za hydrometallurgy zomwe zimakhala ndi matani 15-2000 pachaka.Njira yosungunula ya fluoride ore ndiceriumore makamaka imakhudza kuwotcha makutidwe ndi okosijeni vNjira zopangira mankhwala opangira mankhwala omwe amachokera ku njira yayikulu yowotcha sulfuric acid leaching, ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala zosakanikirana kapena zosakanikirana zapadziko lapansi zomwe zimapangidwa makamaka ndilanthanum, cerium,ndineodymium.Mabizinesi ambiri ndi ang'onoang'ono, okhala ndi zida zochepa komanso mulingo waukadaulo.Tapa pali zinthu zambiri zoyambirira mudziko losowazinthu zosungunula, zoyera kwambiri komanso zinthu zomwe sizingadutse 5%.