The zamatsenga rare Earth element neodymium

Bastnaesite

Neodymium, nambala ya atomiki 60, kulemera kwa atomiki 144.24, yokhala ndi 0.00239% mu kutumphuka, makamaka kupezeka mu monazite ndi bastnaesite.Pali ma isotopi asanu ndi awiri a neodymium m'chilengedwe:neodymium142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, ndi 150, ndi neodymium 142 yokhala ndi zokhutira kwambiri.Ndi kubadwa kwapraseodymiumchinthu,neodymiumchinthu chinapezekanso.Kufika kwaneodymiumelement idayambitsadziko losowafield, idachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mudziko losowamunda, ndikuwongoleradziko losowamsika.

Kupeza kwaNeodymium

Karl von Welsbach (1858-1929), wotulukiraNeodymium

Mu 1885, katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku Austria Carl Auer von Welsbach anapezaneodymiumku Vienna.Iye analekanitsaneodymiumndipraseodymiumkuchokera ku symmetricalneodymiumzipangizo polekanitsa crystalline ammonium dinitrate tetrahydrate ndi asidi nitric, ndipo anawalekanitsa kupyolera spectral kusanthula.Komabe, sizinali mpaka 1925 pamene iwo analekanitsidwa mumpangidwe wangwiro.

Kuyambira m'ma 1950, chiyero chapamwamba (kuposa 99%)neodymiumchapezeka makamaka kudzera mu njira yosinthira ion ya monazite.Chitsulo chokhacho chimapezeka ndi electrolysis ya mchere wake wa halide.Pakali pano, ambirineodymiumamachotsedwa mumwala wa Bastana (Ce, La, Nd, Pr) CO3F ndikuyeretsedwa kudzera m'zigawo zosungunulira.Kuyeretsedwa kwa ion kusinthana kumasungidwa pokonzekera chiyero chapamwamba (nthawi zambiri> 99.99%).Chifukwa chovuta kuchotsa zotsalira zomaliza zapraseodymiummu nthawi ya kupanga kudalira tsatane-tsatane luso crystallization, oyambiriraneodymiumgalasi lopangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1930 linali ndi utoto wofiirira kapena walalanje kuposa mitundu yamakono.

Neodymium Metal

Neodymium zitsuloali ndi siliva wonyezimira wazitsulo zonyezimira, malo osungunuka a 1024 ° C, ndi kachulukidwe ka 7.004g/cm ³, Ili ndi paramagnetism.Neodymiumndi imodzi mwazogwira ntchito kwambirizitsulo zapadziko lapansi zosawerengeka, yomwe imatulutsa okosijeni mwachangu ndi kuchititsa mdima mumlengalenga, ndikupanga wosanjikiza wa okusayidi womwe umasenda, kuwulutsa chitsulocho kuti chiwonjezeke.Choncho, centimita kakulidweneodymiumchitsanzo kwathunthu oxidized mkati chaka chimodzi.Chitani pang'onopang'ono m'madzi ozizira komanso mwachangu m'madzi otentha.

Neodymiumkamangidwe kamagetsi

Kapangidwe kamagetsi:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4

Laser performance yaneodymiumndi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ma electron a 4f orbital pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana amphamvu.Izi laser zinthu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulankhulana, yosungirako zambiri, mankhwala, processing makina, ndi zina.Mwa iwo,yttrium aluminiyamugarnet Y3Al5O12: Nd (YAG: Nd) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuchita bwino, komanso Nd dopedgadolinium scandiumgallium garnet yogwira ntchito kwambiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwaneodymium 

Wogwiritsa ntchito wamkulu waneodymiumndi neodymium iron boron okhazikika maginito zakuthupi.Maginito a Neodymium iron boron ali ndi mphamvu ya maginito kwambiri ndipo amadziwika kuti "mfumu ya maginito osatha".Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga zamagetsi ndi makina chifukwa cha ntchito yawo yabwino.Francis Wall, pulofesa wa migodi yogwiritsira ntchito ku Cumburn School of Mining pa yunivesite ya Exeter ku UK, anati: "Ponena za maginito, palibe mpikisano ndineodymium.”Kukula bwino kwa Alpha magnetic spectrometer kumawonetsa kuti maginito osiyanasiyana aku China a neodymium iron boron maginito afika pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Neodymium maginito pa hard disk

Neodymiumangagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zoumba, galasi lofiirira wowala, ruby ​​yokumba mu lasers, ndi magalasi apadera amene akhoza kusefa cheza infuraredi.Zogwiritsidwa ndipraseodymiumkupanga magalasi opangira magalasi ogwira ntchito.

Kuwonjezera 1.5% mpaka 2.5% nanoneodymium oxidekuti magnesium kapena zotayidwa aloyi akhoza kusintha mkulu-kutentha ntchito, airtightness, ndi dzimbiri kukana aloyi, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zakuthambo.

Nanometeryttrium aluminiyamugarnet wopangidwa ndineodymium oxideimapanga matabwa afupikitsa a laser, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani owotcherera ndi kudula zida zoonda ndi makulidwe osakwana 10mm.

Nd: ndodo ya laser ya YAG

Muzochita zamankhwala, nanoyttrium aluminiyamulasers ya garnet yokhala ndi nanoKuyera Kwambiri 99.9% Neodymium Oxide CAS No 1313-97-9 (epomaterial.com)amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mipeni yopangira opaleshoni kuchotsa mabala opangira opaleshoni kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Neodymiumgalasi amapangidwa ndi kuwonjezeraneodymium oxideku galasi kusungunuka.Kawirikawiri, lavender imawonekeraneodymiumgalasi pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena kuwala kwa incandescent, koma imawoneka yowala buluu pansi pa kuwala kwa fulorosenti.NeodymiumItha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mithunzi yowoneka bwino yagalasi monga violet, burgundy, ndi imvi yofunda.

Neodymiumgalasi

Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo komanso kukulitsa ndi kukulitsa luso laukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi,neodymiumadzakhala ndi malo ambiri oti agwiritse ntchito.