Barium ndi gawo la zitsulo zamchere zamchere, gawo lachisanu ndi chimodzi la gulu IIA patebulo la periodic, ndi gawo logwira ntchito muzitsulo zamchere zamchere.
1、 Kugawa kwazinthu
Barium, monga zitsulo zina zamchere zamchere, zimagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi: zomwe zili kumtunda wapamwamba ndi 0.026%, pamene mtengo wapakati ndi 0.022%.Barium imapezeka makamaka mu mawonekedwe a barite, sulphate kapena carbonate.
Mchere waukulu wa barium m'chilengedwe ndi barite (BaSO4) ndi wouma (BaCO3).Ma depositi a Barite amafalitsidwa kwambiri, okhala ndi ma depositi akuluakulu ku Hunan, Guangxi, Shandong ndi malo ena ku China.
2、 Munda wa ntchito
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mchere wa barium, alloys, fireworks, nuclear reactors, ndi zina zotero. Ndi deoxidizer yabwino kwambiri yoyenga mkuwa.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu aloyi, monga lead, calcium, magnesium, sodium, lithiamu, aluminium ndi faifi tambala.
Chitsulo cha Barium chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chochotsera mpweya pochotsa mpweya wotuluka m'machubu a vacuum ndi machubu azithunzi, komanso wochotsa mpweya poyenga zitsulo.
Barium nitrate wosakanikirana ndi potaziyamu chlorate, ufa wa magnesium ndi rosin angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mabomba azizindikiro ndi zozimitsa moto.
Mankhwala osungunuka a barium amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo, monga barium chloride, kuti athetse tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ta zomera.
Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyenga brine ndi madzi owiritsa kuti apange electrolytic caustic soda.
Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga utoto.Makampani opanga nsalu ndi zikopa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mordant ndi rayon matting agent.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
Barium sulphate ndi mankhwala othandizira pakuwunika kwa X-ray.Ufa woyera wopanda fungo ndi fungo, zomwe zingapereke kusiyana kwabwino m'thupi pakuwunika kwa X-ray.Medical barium sulphate si odzipereka mu m`mimba thirakiti ndipo alibe thupi lawo siligwirizana.Ilibe mankhwala osungunuka a barium monga barium chloride, barium sulfide ndi barium carbonate.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga radiography ya m'mimba komanso nthawi zina pazinthu zina.
3,Njira yokonzekera
M'makampani, kukonzekera kwazitsulo za barium kumagawidwa m'magawo awiri: kukonzekera kwa barium oxide ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwachitsulo (kuchepetsa kwa aluminothermic).
Pa 1000 ~ 1200 ℃, machitidwe awiriwa amatha kupanga barium pang'ono.Chifukwa chake, pampu ya vacuum iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa nthunzi ya barium mosalekeza kuchokera kumalo ochitirako kupita kumalo osungirako kuti zomwe zikuchitika zipitirire kumanja.Zotsalira pambuyo pa zomwe zimachitika ndizowopsa ndipo zitha kutayidwa pambuyo pa chithandizo.
4,Njira zotetezera
1. Ngozi paumoyo
Barium si chinthu chofunikira kwa anthu, koma ndi poizoni.Kudya mankhwala osungunuka a barium kungayambitse poizoni wa barium.Poganiza kuti kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 70kg, kuchuluka kwa barium m'thupi lake ndi pafupifupi 16mg.Mutatenga mchere wa barium molakwika, udzasungunuka ndi madzi ndi asidi m'mimba, zomwe zachititsa kuti pakhale zochitika zambiri zakupha ndi imfa zina.
Zizindikiro za pachimake barium mchere poyizoni: barium mchere poyizoni makamaka akuwonetseredwa ngati m`mimba mkwiyo ndi hypokalemia syndrome, monga nseru, kusanza, kupweteka kwa m`mimba, kutsegula m`mimba, quadriplegia, m`mnyewa wamtima, kupuma minofu ziwalo, etc. Odwala amenewa mosavuta kuzindikiridwa molakwika chifukwa ali ndi zizindikiro za m'mimba monga kusanza, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kutsekula m'mimba, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuzidziwa ngati poyizoni wa chakudya pazochitika za matenda ophatikizana, komanso gastroenteritis pachimake pa matenda amodzi.
2. Kupewa ngozi
Kutayikira mwadzidzidzi chithandizo
Patulani malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ndikuletsa kulowa.Dulani gwero loyatsira.Ndibwino kuti ogwira ntchito zachipatala azivala chigoba cha fumbi lodzipangira okha komanso zovala zoteteza moto.Osalumikizana ndi kutayikira mwachindunji.Kuchucha pang'ono: pewani kukweza fumbi ndikulisonkhanitsa mu chidebe chouma, chaukhondo komanso chophimbidwa ndi fosholo yoyera.Kusamutsa zobwezerezedwanso.Kutayikira kwakukulu: kuphimba ndi nsalu zapulasitiki ndi canvas kuti muchepetse kuwuluka.Gwiritsani ntchito zida zosayambitsa moto kusamutsa ndi kubwezeretsanso.
3. Njira zodzitetezera
Chitetezo cha dongosolo la kupuma: Nthawi zambiri, palibe chitetezo chapadera chomwe chimafunikira, koma tikulimbikitsidwa kuvala chigoba cha fumbi lodzipangira tokha muzochitika zapadera.
Chitetezo m'maso: valani magalasi oteteza mankhwala.
Chitetezo cha mthupi: valani zovala zoteteza mankhwala.
Chitetezo m'manja: valani magolovesi amphira.
Ena: Kusuta ndikoletsedwa kuntchito.Samalani ndi ukhondo waumwini.
5、 Kusungirako ndi zoyendera
Kusunga m'nyumba yozizira komanso mpweya wokwanira.Pewani kuyatsa ndi magwero otentha.Chinyezi chocheperako chimasungidwa pansi pa 75%.Phukusili lidzasindikizidwa ndipo silidzalumikizana ndi mpweya.Iyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi ma okosijeni, zidulo, alkali, etc., ndipo sayenera kusakanikirana.Zowunikira zosaphulika komanso mpweya wabwino ziyenera kulandiridwa.Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina ndi zida zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kutulutsa zopsereza.Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi zipangizo zoyenera kuti zikhale ndi kutayikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-13-2023